L6 - intro to psychopathology (part 2)

Question 1

What is empirical observation?

Answer 1

gathering info through direct observation or measurement

Question 2

what are systematic research methods

Answer 2

includes data analysis, hypothesis formulation and testing

Question 3

what are theoretical frameworks?

Answer 3

use and development of frameworks for understanding psychopathology

Question 4

what are the scientific principles?

Answer 4

objectivity, replicability, and peer review ensure the integrity of research

Question 5

What are case studies?

Answer 5

in-depth examinations of individuals, groups, or phenomena in real-life contexts

Question 6

what are the advantages of using case-studies

Answer 6

rich detail
deep understanding
ecological validity
exploratory
hypothesis generation

Question 7

what are the disadvantages of using case-studies

Answer 7

lack of generalisability
subjectivity
bias
validity concerns
difficulty in replication
time-consuming

Question 8

What are experimental methods?

Answer 8

controlled experiments manipulating an IV to observe its effect on a DV

uses control groups + random assignment to condtions

Question 9

what are correlational methods?

Answer 9

exploring relationships between variables without manipulation

used to understand the degree of the association between factors to related mental health

Question 10

what are the 2 types of correlational study?

Answer 10

longitudinal - tracking changes over time to examine temporal associations

cross-sectional - data collected at a single point in time for a snapshot view

Question 11

what are the limitations of correlational studies?

Answer 11

can’t establish causation
potential influence of confounding variables
generalisability influenced by sample representativeness

Question 12

What are the 2 diagnostic manuals

Answer 12

DSM-5-TR
ICD-11

Question 13

What are the advantages of using diagnostic manuals?

Answer 13

standardised diagnoses, aiding accuracy and consistency

facilitates treatment planning and communication among clinicians

Enhances research by providing homogenous samples

Question 14

What are the disadvantages of using diagnostic manuals?

Answer 14

potential oversimplification of human behaviour

risk of over and mis-diagnosis

possible stigmatisation from labelling

arbitrary diagnostic cut-offs

Question 15

What’s the diathesis-stress model

Answer 15

interaction between individual vulnerabilities and environmental factors

explains the onset of mental health difficulties

applicable across various difficulties

Question 16

what are the limitations of the diathesis-stress model

Answer 16

may oversimplify interactions, underemphasize protective factors and not fully address developmental aspects

Question 17

what’s the framework for the multi perspective approach?

Answer 17

understanding the mental health within multiple layers or systems acknowledging dynamic interactions and bidirectional relationships

Question 18

What is Bronfenbrenner’s socio-ecological theory?

Answer 18

emphasises the importance of various environmental systems, influencing an individual’s development and health