L5 - Intro to psychopathology (part 1) Flashcards
What is psychopathology?
the scientific mental study of mental disorders
what is abnormal psychology?
used interchangeably with psychopathology, refers to the study of mental disorders + related causes + manifestations
What is the criteria for abnormality
Statistical rarity - behaviour is rare or uncommon
Deviation from norm
4 D’s
Deviance - deviates from the norm
Distress - causes distress to the individual
Dysfunction - interferes with daily functioning
Danger - poses a risk of harm to oneself or others
What is cultural relativism?
Abnormality is defined relative to cultural norms
Define universal definition
seeks a standard definition across cultures
What are historical views
different historical periods have had varying explanations or abnormal behaviour
What is deinstitutionalisation (1960s)
movement towards outpatient care and patients’ rights
What’s community mental health movement (1963)
Initiated by President John F. Kennedy, aiming to replace inpatient care with community services
What is multidimensional study?
considers biological, psychological, social and cultural factors
what’s person-centered care?
focus on minimising stigmatising language + promoting prevention and health
what is cultural competence?
understanding + integrating cultural factors in treatment
what’s the WHO definition of mental health
mental health is a state of well-bring that enables individuals to cope with life stresses, realise their abilities, learn well, wrk well and contribute to their community
What is the continuum definition of mental health?
mental health exists on a continuum and is experienced differently by each person
Why is it important to understand disorders?
enhances knowledge of mental health disorders, their impact and underlying causes
what is the importance of effective treatments?
informs the development of treatments and interventions
Why is empathy + understanding important?
promotes empathy for individuals with psychological disorders
What are the 3 categories of disorders?
Emotional disorders: depression + anxiety
Neurodevelopmental disorders: Autism, ADHD, learning difficulties
Behavioural disorders: conduct disorders, aggression, oppositional behavioural
What are the risk factors of individual attributes?
personal characteristics that increase vulnerability
what are the risk factors of violence and abuse?
experience and exposure to violence, abuse and neglect
what are the risk factors of family conflict?
family discord and parental mental illness of substance abuse
What are the 6 protective factors?
individual predisposition: temperament and resilience
attachment to caregivers: strong emotional bonds with caregivers
family and social stability: supportive family and social environment
educational achievement: success in school and learning environments
friendships: positive peer relationships
coping strategies: effective methods of managing stress and challenges
what is comorbidity?
the co-occurrence of 2 or more disorders in the same individual
e,g, depression w anxiety
eating disorder etc
