L5 - Intro to psychopathology (part 1)

Question 1

What is psychopathology?

Answer 1

the scientific mental study of mental disorders

Question 2

what is abnormal psychology?

Answer 2

used interchangeably with psychopathology, refers to the study of mental disorders + related causes + manifestations

Question 3

What is the criteria for abnormality

Answer 3

Statistical rarity - behaviour is rare or uncommon

Deviation from norm

4 D’s
Deviance - deviates from the norm
Distress - causes distress to the individual
Dysfunction - interferes with daily functioning
Danger - poses a risk of harm to oneself or others

Question 4

What is cultural relativism?

Answer 4

Abnormality is defined relative to cultural norms

Question 5

Define universal definition

Answer 5

seeks a standard definition across cultures

Question 6

What are historical views

Answer 6

different historical periods have had varying explanations or abnormal behaviour

Question 7

What is deinstitutionalisation (1960s)

Answer 7

movement towards outpatient care and patients’ rights

Question 8

What’s community mental health movement (1963)

Answer 8

Initiated by President John F. Kennedy, aiming to replace inpatient care with community services

Question 9

What is multidimensional study?

Answer 9

considers biological, psychological, social and cultural factors

Question 10

what’s person-centered care?

Answer 10

focus on minimising stigmatising language + promoting prevention and health

Question 11

what is cultural competence?

Answer 11

understanding + integrating cultural factors in treatment

Question 12

what’s the WHO definition of mental health

Answer 12

mental health is a state of well-bring that enables individuals to cope with life stresses, realise their abilities, learn well, wrk well and contribute to their community

Question 13

What is the continuum definition of mental health?

Answer 13

mental health exists on a continuum and is experienced differently by each person

Question 14

Why is it important to understand disorders?

Answer 14

enhances knowledge of mental health disorders, their impact and underlying causes

Question 15

what is the importance of effective treatments?

Answer 15

informs the development of treatments and interventions

Question 16

Why is empathy + understanding important?

Answer 16

promotes empathy for individuals with psychological disorders

Question 17

What are the 3 categories of disorders?

Answer 17

Emotional disorders: depression + anxiety

Neurodevelopmental disorders: Autism, ADHD, learning difficulties

Behavioural disorders: conduct disorders, aggression, oppositional behavioural

Question 18

What are the risk factors of individual attributes?

Answer 18

personal characteristics that increase vulnerability

Question 19

what are the risk factors of violence and abuse?

Answer 19

experience and exposure to violence, abuse and neglect

Question 20

what are the risk factors of family conflict?

Answer 20

family discord and parental mental illness of substance abuse

Question 21

What are the 6 protective factors?

Answer 21

individual predisposition: temperament and resilience

attachment to caregivers: strong emotional bonds with caregivers

family and social stability: supportive family and social environment

educational achievement: success in school and learning environments

friendships: positive peer relationships

coping strategies: effective methods of managing stress and challenges

Question 22

what is comorbidity?

Answer 22

the co-occurrence of 2 or more disorders in the same individual

e,g, depression w anxiety
eating disorder etc