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BIOL2220 > L8 Oxidative phosphorylation > Flashcards

L8 Oxidative phosphorylation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I)?

A

Transferring electrons from NADH to unbound ubiquinone (Q) to form ubiquinol (QH2)

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2
Q

Each Fe is always coordinated by how many S in the Iron-sulfur clusters?

A

4

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3
Q

What is the function of succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II)?

A

Transferring succinate to fumarate

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4
Q

Is there any proton pumping in Succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II) ?

A

No

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5
Q

Which complex is the only membrane -bound enzyme in TCA cycle?

A

Complex 2: Succinate dehydrogenase

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6
Q

What is the function of Cytochrome oxidase (Complex IV)?

A

Transfers electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen

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7
Q

For every 2 electrons donated by NADH, how many ATPs are synthesized?

A

2.5

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8
Q

For every 2 electrons donated by FADH2, how many ATPs are synthesized?

A

1.5

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9
Q

How many electrons NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH carries at a time?

A

2

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10
Q

Is NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH diffusible or bound in enzymes?

A

Diffusible

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11
Q

Is FAD/FADH2 and FMN/FMNH2 diffusible or bound in enzymes?

A

Bound in enzymes

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12
Q

What is the highly folded inner membrane called?

A

Cristae

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13
Q

Where does the electron flow occur?

A

The inner membran of mitocondria

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14
Q

The energy released form the electron transference is used for what process in NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) ?

A

Proton pumping from the matrix ito intermembrane space

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14
Q

What is the initial electron donor of the oxidative phosphorylation?

A

NADH

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15
Q

How many electron and proton can FMN transfer at a time?

A

1

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16
Q

What is the final eletron carrier in complex one?

A

Q/QH2

17
Q

Are they any energy release in Complex II?

A

Yes, but really little (-2kJ /mol), not enough to pump the proton

18
Q

What are the electron carriers in Complex III?

A

Complex III is called cytochrome bc1 complex
(1) Fe-S clusters
(2) Cytochrome b
(3) Cytochrome c1

19
Q

Is cytochrom c water soluble?

A

Yes

20
Q

What is the main result of the first round in the Q cycle?

A

QH2 becomes a half-reduced semiquinon (.Q-)

21
Q

WHat are the electron carriers in cytochrome oxidase(complex IV)?

A

2 Cu ions and 2 heme A groups (cytochrome a proteins)

22
Q

In which complex in the ETC:
O2 is used up and water is generated?

A

Complex IV
Cytochrome oxidase

23
Q

Oxygen oxidized which molecule in cytochrome oxidase (complex IV)?

A

cytochrome c

24
Q

How many proton does Complex four pumped out?

A

2 protons per 2 electrons

25
Q

The energy stored in the gradient, proton-motive force, has two components, what are they?

A

(1) Chemical potential energy (inside the membrane: alkaline)
(2) Electrical potential energy (inside the membrane: negative)

26
Q

What are the two units of ATP synthase?

A

F0 and F1

27
Q

Protons flow through which unit of ATP synthase?

A

F0

28
Q

ATP is synthesized by which unit?

A

F1

29
Q

Why NADH need to have a shuttle system?

A

Because inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH

30
Q

What are the two different shuttle system for NADH?

A

(1) Glycerol 3-P shuttle system
(2) Malate-aspartate shuttle system

31
Q

What does reducing equivalents mean?

A

Molecules that can be transported into the mitochondria

32
Q

In Glycerol 3-P shuttle system, which electron carrier acts as the reducing equivalents?

A

FAD/ FADH2

33
Q

In Glycerol 3-P shuttle system, which two complex are skipped?

A

Comlex one and Complex two

34
Q

Glycerol 3-P shuttle system takes place in which kind of human tissues?

A

Skeletal muscle and brain

35
Q

Malate-aspartate shuttle system takes place in which kind of human tissues?

A

Liver, kidney, and heart

36
Q

What is the key enzyme involved in the glycerol 3-P shuttle system?

A

G-3P dehydrogenase

37
Q

What are the key enzymes involved in the Malate-aspartate shuttle system?

A

Dicarboxylate translocase adn Glutamate-aspartate translocase

38
Q

What is the main difference between Glycerol 3-P shuttle system and Malate-aspartate shuttle system regarding the involvement of the complex in ETC?

A

Glycerol 3-P shuttle system involes only III and IV, while Malate-aspartate shuttle system involves I, III and IV

39
Q
A

BIOL2220 (14 decks)

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