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MSK > L8 - MSK - Upper Extremity Arthrology > Flashcards

L8 - MSK - Upper Extremity Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

A. What joint is this?

Ligaments 1-3?

A

A. Sternoclavicular Joint

  1. Anterior Sternoclavicular L.
  2. Interclavicular L.
  3. Costoclavicular L.
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2
Q

What M. is this?

A

Subclavius M.

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3
Q

What Joint?

Ligaments 1-2?

A

Acromioclavicular Joint

  1. Acromioclavicular L.
  2. Superior Transverse Scapular L.
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4
Q

1-6?

A
  1. Acromioclavicular L.
  2. Trapezoid L.
  3. Conoid L.
  4. Coracoclavicular L.
  5. Acromioclavicular L.
  6. Articular Disc
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5
Q
A
  1. Trapezoid Line
  2. Conoid Tubercle
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6
Q

What joint injury is often referred to as a “Shoulder Separation”?

Does a ligament rupture?

If so, what ligament?

A

CN: The Acromioclavicular Joint is susceptible to injury and separation, often referred to as “Shoulder separation,” and is capable of separating with or without rupture of the Coracoclavicular L.

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7
Q

What Joint?

1-9?

A

Glenohumeral Joint

  1. Deltoid M.
  2. Subacromial Bursa
  3. Supraspinatus M.
  4. Articular Cartilage
  5. Glenoid Labrum
  6. Synovial Membrane
  7. Fibrous Capsule
  8. Articular Capsule (6&7)
  9. Long Head Biceps Brachii T.
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8
Q

What joint?

Label 1-7

A

Glenohumeral Joint

  1. Acromion
  2. Coracoacromial L.
  3. CoraCoid Process
  4. Coracoacromial Arch
  5. Coracohumeral L. (probably won’t see)
  6. Glenohumeral L.
  7. Transverse Humeral L.
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9
Q

What injury is the Glenohumeral Joint susceptible to?

Why?

What most commonly occurs due to the presence of the Coracoacromial Arch?

A

Dislocation

due to mobility and relative instability (shalow Glenoid Cavity)

Dislocation most commonly occurs anteriorly and inferiorly

CN: The Glenohumeral Joint is susceptible to dislocation due to its mobility and relative instability. Due to the presence of the Coracoacromial Arch dislocation of the Glenohumeral Joint most commonly occurs anteriorly or inferiorly.

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10
Q
A

Glenohumeral Joint

  1. Transverse Humeral L.
  2. Long Head Biceps Brachii T.
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11
Q

1-7

A
  1. Humerus
  2. Ulna
  3. Radius
  4. Radial Collateral L.
  5. Articular Capsule
  6. Ulnar Collateral L.
  7. Annular L.
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12
Q

Joint?

Aspect?

1-3?

A

Elbow Joint

Lateral Aspect

  1. Annular L.
  2. Articular Capsule
  3. Radial Collateral L.
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13
Q

Joint?

Aspect?

1-6?

A

Elbow Joint

Medial Aspect

  1. Articular Capsule
  2. Anterior Band
  3. Posterior Band
  4. Oblique Band
  5. Ulnar Collateral L.
  6. Annular
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14
Q

Which way does the elbow dislocate?

What type of force does this?

Involves a tear of what L.?

A

CN: The Elbow is capable of being dislocated posteriorly in response to force transmitted along the long axis of the Forearm, this usually involves a tear in the Ulnar Collateral L.

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15
Q

What is the point of Bursa?

3 types?

A

Bursa is extra synovial fluid to decrease friction

Sub = inside skin

intra = inside tendon

sub = deep tendon

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16
Q

What has the nicknames Students Elbow, Dart Throwers Elbow, and Miners Elbow?

A

Inflammation of Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursa

CN: Two of the more common Bursae to become inflamed are the Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursa and the Bicipitoradial Bursa. Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursitis, sometimes called “Student’s Elbow,” “Dart thrower’s Elbow” and “Miner’s Elbow” results from excessive friction between the Skin and the Olecranon.

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17
Q

What are these called?

What is purpose?

1-8

A

Bursa

Reduce Friction

  1. Subcutaneous Bursa of Medial Epicondyle
  2. Subcutaneous Bursa of Lateral Epicondyle
  3. Bursa of Anconeus
  4. Bursa at Origin of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
  5. Subtendinous
  6. Intratendinous
  7. Subcutaneous
  8. Olecranon Bursae
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18
Q

Joint?

What end?

1-2?

A

Radioulnar Joint

Proximal

  1. Radial Notch of Ulna
  2. Radial Head
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19
Q

Joint?

End?

1-2?

A

Distal Radioulnar Joint

  1. Ulnar Notch of Radius
  2. Ulnar Head
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20
Q

Bones?

Joint?

1-4?

A

Radius and Ulna

Radioulnar Joint

  1. Annular L.
  2. Oblique Cord
  3. Interosseous Membrane
  4. Articular Capsule for Distal Radioulnar Joint
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21
Q

What has the nicknames “Nursemaid’s Elbow” or “Pulled Elbow”?

What happens?

A

CN: The Radial Head is capable of being dislocated out of the Annular L. to varying degrees, this injury typically occurs from pulling on the arm of a child, sometimes called “Nursemaid’s Elbow” or “Pulled Elbow.”

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22
Q

Joint?

1-7?

A

Radiocarpel Joint

  1. Articular Surface for Scaphoid (on Radius)
  2. Articular Surface for Lunate (on Radius)
  3. Articular Disc of Radiocarpal Joint
  4. Ulna
  5. Triquetrum
  6. Lunate
  7. Scaphoid
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23
Q

Joint?

Aspect?

Ligaments 1-4?

A

Radiocarpal Joint

Anterior Aspect

  1. Ulnar Collateral L. of the Wrist
  2. Radial Collateral L. of the Wrist
  3. Palmar Radiocarpal L.
  4. Palmar Ulnocarpal L.
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24
Q

Joint?

Aspect?

Ligaments 1-4?

A

Radiocarpal Joint

Posterior Aspect

  1. Ulnar Collateral L. of the Wrist
  2. Radial Collateral L. of the Wrist
  3. Dorsal Radiocarpal L.
  4. Dorsal Ulnocarpal L.
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25
Q

Joints?

Aspect?

Joints 1-6?

A

Intercarpal Joints

Anterior / Palm

  1. Pisiform Joint
  2. Lunotriquetral Joint
  3. Scapholunate Joint
  4. Capitohamate Joint
  5. Trapeziocapitate Joint
  6. Trapezoitrapezoid Joint
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26
Q

Joint?

Aspect?

Ligaments 1-2?

A

Intercarpal Joints

Anterior Aspect (palm)

  1. Pisohamate L.
  2. Anterior Intercarpal L.
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27
Q

Joint(s)?

Aspect?

Ligament 1?

A

Intercarpal Joints

Posterior Aspect (back of hand)

  1. Posterior Intercarpal L.
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28
Q

Joint?

1-8?

A

A. Midcarpal Joint

  1. Lunate
  2. Scaphoid
  3. Trapezium
  4. Trapezoid
  5. Capitate
  6. Hamate
  7. Triquetrum
  8. Radiocarpal Joint
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29
Q

Which carpometacarpal joint is saddle type?

A

1st = thumb

all others are planar synovial joints

30
Q

Joint?

Aspect?

Ligaments 1-3

A

Carpometacarpal Joints

Anterior Aspect

  1. Pisometacarpal L.
  2. Palmar Carpometacarpal L.
  3. Radiate Carpal L.
31
Q

Joint?

Aspect?

Ligament?

A

Carpometacarpal Joints

Posterior Aspect (back of hand)

  1. Dorsal Carpometacarpal L.
32
Q

Where are Intermetacarpal Joints located?

A

Between bases of the metacarpals.

Planar Synovial

33
Q

Where are Carpometacarpal Joints located?

A

between carpals and metacarpals

34
Q

Joint?

Aspect?

Ligament?

A

Intermetacarpal Joints

Anterior Aspect

Palmer Intermetacarpal L.

35
Q

Joint?

Aspect?

Ligament?

A

Intermetacarpal Joint

Posterior Aspect

Dorsal Intermetacarpal L.

36
Q

Where are Metacarpophalangeal Joints located?

A

between metacarpals and phylanges

37
Q

Joint?

Aspect?

Ligaments 1-4?

A

Metacarpophalangeal Joints

Anterior Aspect (palm)

  1. Deep Transverse Metacarpal L.
  2. Lateral Collateral L.
  3. Medial Collateral
  4. Palmar L.
38
Q

Joints?

Aspect?

Ligaments 1-2?

A

Metacarpophalangeal Joints

Posterior Aspect

  1. Lateral Collateral L.
  2. Medial Collateral L.
39
Q

What is “Bull Rider’s Thumb”?

A

CN: Sprain of the Lateral Collateral L. and even avulsion of the lateral Part of the Proximal Phalanx of the Thumb is an injury common to individuals who ride a Mechanical Bull and is therefore known as “Bull Rider’s Thumb.”

40
Q

What is it called when there is a hyperabduction of the 1st Metacarpophalangeal Joint?

What ligaments are affected?

A

CN: Laxity or rupture of both collateral ligaments of the 1st Metacarpophalangeal Joints results in a hyperabduction of that joint and is referred to as “Skier’s Thumb,” or “Game-keeper’s Thumb.”

41
Q

Where are Interphalangeal Joints located?

A

Proximal: between proximal and intermediate phalanges

Distal: between intermediate and distal phalanges

thumb has no extra name, just “1st Interphalangeal Joint”, which is between the proximal phalange and distal

42
Q

Joint?

Aspect?

Ligaments?

A

Interphalangeal Joints

Anterior Aspect

Distal Interphalangeal Joint

  1. Palmar L.
  2. Medial Collateral L.
  3. Lateral Collateral L.

Proximal Interphalangeal Joint

  1. Palmar L.
  2. Lateral Collateral L.
  3. Medial Collateral L.
43
Q

What can the sudden hyperflexion of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint cause and what is it called?

A

CN: Sudden hyperflexion of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint can avulse the attachment of the longextensor tendon with that tendon away from the Distal Phalanx, a condition known as “Mallet Finger,” or “Baseball Finger.”

44
Q

Movements of Upper Extremity

A
  1. ABduction
  2. ADduction
  3. Extension
  4. Flexion
  5. Opposition
  6. Reposition
45
Q

Pectoral Fascia

  • Invests:

Continues:

  • Superiorly:
  • Laterally:
  • Inferiorly:
A
  • Invests the Pectoralis Major M.
  • Continues superiorly with Deltoid Fascia
  • Laterally with Axillary Fascia
  • Inferiorly with Abdominal Deep Fascia
46
Q

Fascia of Upper Extremity

Axillary Fascia

1-4

A
  1. Deep Cervical Fascia
  2. Subclavius M.
  3. Pectoralis Major M.
  4. Pectoral Fascia
47
Q

Fascia of Upper Extremity

Axillary Fascia

5-8

A
  1. Costocoracoid Membrane
  2. Deltoid M.
  3. Deltoid Fascia
  4. Pectoralis Minor M.
48
Q

Fascia of Upper Extremity

Axillary Fascia

9-11

A
  1. Clavipectoral Fascia
  2. Suspensory L. of the Axillary
  3. Axillary Fascia
49
Q

Fascia

1-3

A
  1. Deltoid Fascia
  2. Pectoral Fascia
  3. Brachial Fascia
50
Q

Fascia

4-5

A
  1. Bicipital Aponeurosis
  2. Antebrachial Fascia
51
Q

Fascia

6-7

A
  1. Palmar Carpal Ligament
  2. Tendon of Palmaris Longus
52
Q

Fascia

8-9

A
  1. Superficial Transverse Metacarpal Ligament
  2. Palmar Aponeurosis
53
Q

Fascia Upper Extremity (Brachium)

1-4

A
  1. Biceps Brachii M.
  2. Brachialis M.
  3. Humerus
  4. Triceps Brachii M.
54
Q

Fascia Upper Extremity (Brachium)

5-8

A
  1. Skin
  2. Fatty Superficial Fascia
  3. Deep Superficial Fascia
  4. Brachial Fascia (Deep Fascia)
55
Q

Fascia Upper Extremity (Brachium)

9-11

A
  1. Lateral Intermuscular Septum
  2. Brachial Fascia (Deep Fascia)
  3. Medial Intermuscular Septum
56
Q

UE Fascia: Antebrachium

1-4

A
  1. Anterior Muscular (Flexor) Compartment
  2. Posterior Muscular (Extensor) Compartment
  3. Ulna
  4. Radius
57
Q

UE Fascia - Antebrachium

5-7

A
  1. Interosseous Membrane
  2. Antebrachial Fascia (Deep Fascia)
  3. Antebrachial Fascia (Deep Fascia)
58
Q

What is the thicker antibrachial fascia that holds tendons in place in the wrist?

A

Extensor Retraculum

59
Q

What gets cut when Carpal Tunnel is a problem?

A

Flexor Retinaculum (Transverse Carpal L.)

60
Q

Wrist Fascia

1-7

A
  1. Hypothenar Compartment
  2. Thenar Compartment
  3. Flexor Tendons
  4. Palmar Carpal L. (weak)
  5. Median N. (carpal tunnel syndrome)
  6. Flexor Retinaculum (Transverse Carpal L.) (gets cut when carpal tunnel syndrome)
  7. Extensor Retinaculum
61
Q

What is the transverse focal thickening of Antebrachial Fascia that holds the Extensor tendons in position?

(Wrist)

A

Extensor Retinaculum

62
Q

What surround the long extensor tendons of the Forearm as they pass under the Extensor Retinaculum to reduce friction?

How many are there?

A

Synovial Tendon Sheaths

6

63
Q

What happens when the Synovial Sheaths are irritated?

A

CN: Irritation of the Synovial Sheaths can cause an accumulation of mucopolysaccharide fluid that can form a usually painless lump known as a Synovial, or Ganglion Cyst.

Infections of the Synovial Sheath can cause swelling in very specific and characteristic configurations that follow the shapes of these sheaths.

64
Q

What is the thick tough fascia layer that protects the palm?

A

Palmar Aponeurosis

65
Q

What connects skin to palmar aponeurosis so skin doesn’t slide around?

Restricts Palmar Skin Movement

A

Retinacula Cutis

66
Q

What separates the Thenar Compartment from the Central Compartment?

A

Lateral Fibrous Septum

67
Q

Fascia of Hand

1-9

A
  1. Thenar Compartment
  2. Hypothenar Compartment
  3. Palmaris Brevis M. (Thumb muscle)
  4. Palmar Aponeurosis (protects palm)
  5. Median N.
  6. Retinacula Cutis (decreases movement of skin)
  7. Medial Fibrous Septum
  8. Lateral Fibrous Septum
  9. Dorsal Fascia
68
Q
A
  1. Palmar Aponeurosis
  2. Palmaris Longus Tendon
  3. Superficial Transverse Metacarpal L.
69
Q

What disease results in the shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of the Palmar Aponeurosis and Palmar Fascia?

What is the result?

A

CN:

Dupuytren Contracture

Fibrosis/Shortening/Thickening:

- Palmar Aponeurosis

- Palmar Fascia

Results:

  • partial flexion of the 4th and 5th Digits.
70
Q

What surround the long tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis and Profundus M. and are held firmly in place by the Fibrous Digital Sheaths?

A

Digital Synovial Sheaths

  • Synovial Sheaths for the individual Digits
71
Q

What is located in the Central Compartment on the hand?

A

contains the Flexor tendons, the Lumbrical muscles, Superficial Palmar Arterial Arch, Digital Vessels and Digital nerves

72
Q

What contains the Adductor Pollicis M. in the hand?

A

Adductor Compartment

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