L1 - MSK Intro Flashcards
1
Q
Systemically (presentation of Anatomy)
A
Osteology (bones) Arthrology (Joints) Myology (muscles) Angiology (blood vessels) Neurology (nerves)
2
Q
Regionally (presentation of Anatomy)
A
Superficial Back Deep Back Suboccipital Region Arm Axilla
3
Q
Terminology based on
A
Morphology: Piriformis M. - Pear-Shaped Muscle Anatomical Location: Temporalis M. Action: Levator Scapulae
4
Q
Anatomical Position
A
*palms face anteriorly
5
Q
Sagittal Plane
A
6
Q
Coronal / Frontal Plane
A
7
Q
Transverse / Cross Sectional Plane
A
8
Q
Superior
A
Up
9
Q
Inferior
A
Down
10
Q
Anterior
A
Front
11
Q
Posterior
A
Back
12
Q
Medial
A
Toward the midline
13
Q
Lateral
A
Farther from the midline
14
Q
Superficial
A
Closer to the surface
15
Q
Deep
A
Farther from the surface
16
Q
Proximal
A
Closer to trunk or point of reference
*Can change depending on the point of reference
*Can be based on direction of flow
17
Q
Distal
A
Farther from trunk or point of reference
*Can Change depending on the point of reference
* Can be based on direction of flow
18
Q
Prone
A
Laying down on stomach
Back upward
19
Q
Supine
A
Laying on back
Stomach up
20
Q
Extension
A
Creates larger angle from reference (trunk/joint)
21
Q
Flexion
A
Makes smaller angle between reference point (trunk/joint/bone)
22
Q
Lateral Bending
A
Ear to side towards floor
23
Q
Dorsiflexion
A
top of foot towards sky
24
Q
Plantarflexion
A
Bottom of foot down
toes pointed towards floor
25
Lateral Rotation
Rotated outward away from trunk
26
Medical Rotation
Rotation towards trunk
27
Abduction of Arms and Legs
Move away from truck
\*abduct = take away
jumping jacks = X
28
Adduction of Arms and Legs
Moving towards Medial / Trunk
\*Add = adding to you
\*Jumping Jack = I
29
Circumduction
Rotate in circle
30
Extension of Hand
Fingers going up towards backside of wrist/arm
31
Flexion of hand/wrist
Fingers pointed towards underside of wrist/arm
32
Flexion of Fingers
Fingers into palm
33
Extension of Fingers
Fingers "normal"
Flat palm
34
Flexion of Thumb
Thumb into palm
35
Extension of Thumb
Thumb out to side
36
Abduction of Thumb
Thumb out in front palm
37
Adduction of Thumb
Thumb "normal" beside palm
Flat Hand
38
Abduction of Fingers
Spread out fingers
39
Adduction of Fingers
Fingers together
40
Elevation
Upward
41
Depression
Downward
42
Retrusion
Backwards
43
Protrusion
outward
44
Eversion
Away from medial
45
Inversion
Towards Medial
46
Supination
Palms up
47
Pronation
Palms down/away
48
Opposition
Thumb and pinky together in palm
49
Reposition
Thumb and pinky away from eachother
50
Short Bones
51
Flat Bones
52
Anatomy of Long Bones
1 - Epiphysis
2 - Epiphysical Plate
3 - Diaphysis
4 - Metaphysis
5 - Epiphysical Plate
6 - Epiphysis
53
1 -
2 -
3 -
4-
1 - Tubercle
2 - Groove
3 - Shaft (Body)
4 - Crest
54
Long Bone
1 -
2 -
1 - Compact Bone
2 - Spongy Bone
55
Upper Shaft inside of Long Bone
Medullary Cavity (Marrow)
Spongy bone and compact
56
Middle Shaft Medullary Cavity
Compact Bone
(No Spongy)
57
Hyaline Cartilage
58
Fibrocartilage
59
Elastic Cartilage
60
Joint Type
Synovial Joint
61
Fibrous Joint
62
Cartilaginous Joint
Femur: Synchondrosis
Vertebra: Symphysis
63
Trochoid Joint
64
Condyloid Joint
biaxial
permit:
- flexion and extension,
- abduction and adduction
- circumduction
Example:
- Metacarpophalangeal (fingers)
65
Pivot Joint
uniaxial
rounded process of bone fits into a bony lagamentous socket
Permits:
- rotation
Example:
- Atlantoaxial Joint
66
Ball and Socket Joint
multiaxial
a rounded head fits into a concavity
Permits:
- movement on several axes
67
Plane Joint
uniaxial (usually)
Permit:
Gliding or sliding movement
Example:
Acromioclavicular Joint (clavicle/scapula)
68
Hinge Joint
Uniaxial
Permit:
- Flexion and Extension ONLY
Example:
Elbow Joint
69
Saddle Joint
Biaxial
Saddle Shaped Heads
Permit:
Movement in two different planes
Example:
Carpometacarpel Joint (thumb)
70
Sutures
71
Syndesmosis
72
Gomphosi
73
Schindylesis
74
Synchondrosis
75
Symphysis
76
Type of Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
77
Type of Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
78
Type of Muscle
Smooth Muscle
79
Skeletal Muscle
1. Motor Nerve Fiber
2. Axon
3. Myofibrils (within muscle fibers)
4. Neurolemma Cell (Schwann Cell)
5. Myelin Sheath
6. Muscle
7. Fascicles
8. Muscle Fibers
9. Neuromuscular junction
10. Nucleaus of muscle fiber
80
Flat muscle with aponeurosis
81
Pennate Muscle
1. Unipennate
2. Bipennate
3. Multipennate
82
Fusiform Muscle
83
Serrated
84
Multicaudal
85
Multiventral
86
Digastric
87
Circular or Sphincteral Muscle
88
Quadrate Muscle
89
Agonist
bicep
90
Antagonist
Tricep
91
Synergist
92
Fixator
93
1. Tunica Adventitia
2. Tunica Media
_Tunica Intima_
3. Endothelium
4. Subendothelium
5. Basement Membrane
6. Lumen
7. Elastic lamina
8. Artery
9. Arterioles
10. Capillary Beds
\*Artery = away from the heart
94
1. Tunica adventitia
2. Tunica media
_Tunica Intima_
3. Endothelium
4. Subendothelium
5. Basement membrane
6. Valve cusp
7. Elastic lamina
8. Vein
9. Venules
10. Capillary Bed
11. Cusps of valve
12. Lumen
95
Vein blood flow in legs
Blood pushed toward heart by compression / contracting muscle
Retrograde flow obstructed by closed valve
96
Lymphatic Circulation
Dealing with surplus tissue fluid
97
Circulation Systems
1. Systemic Circulation
2. Coronary Circulation
3. Renal Circulation
4. Pulmonary Circulation
5. Portal Circulation
98
Lymphoid Organs
1. Spleen
2. Thymus
3. Tonsils
Immunologic function creating, maturing, and storing lymphocytes
99
Neuron
1. Dendrites
2. Cell body
3. Nucleus
4. Axon
5. Unmyelinated region
6. Myelinated Internode
7. Neurolemma (Schwann) Cell
8. Myeline
9. Axon
10. Nucleus
100
Glia Cell Type
Astrocytes
- Create blood brain barrier
- Type of Glia cell = support cell
101
Type of Glia Cell
Microglia
- Phagocytitic Cells
102
Type of Glia Cells
Oligodendroglia and Neurolemma Cells
- Myelinate Axons
103
Type of Glia Cell
Ependyma
- Produce CSF
104
Synapse
105
1. Peripheral Nerve
2. Epineurium
3. Perineurium
4. Fascicle
5. Peripheral (myelinated) nerve fiber
6. Blood vessels supplying nerve (vasa nervorum)
7. Myelin sheath (formed by neurolemma or Schwann cells)
8. Axon
9. Endoneurium
106
Visceral Fibers
- Sensory
- Presynaptic sympathetic
- Postsynaptic sympathetic
- Presynaptic parasympathetic
- Postsynaptic parasympathetic
107
Somatic Fibers
- General Sensory
- Somatic Motor
108
Pseudo-unipolar sensory neuron
Spinal (posterior root) sensory ganglion \<-- Sensory receptors (finger)
109
Somatic multipolar motor neuron
From CNS/spine to effector organs (skeletal striated muscle)
110
Autonomic multipolar motor neurons
CNS to glands, smooth muscle, modified cardiac muscle
- presynaptic neuron --\> synapse within autonomic ganglion --\> postsynaptic neuron --\> organ
111
Meninges
Spinal Meninges
Cranial Meninges
112
Spinal Meninge
1. Pia Mater
2. Arachnoid Mater
3. Dura Mater
113
Cranial Meninges
1. Dura Mater
2. Arachnoid Mater
3. Pia Mater
4. Cerebrospinal Fluid
