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MSK > L1 - MSK Intro > Flashcards

L1 - MSK Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Systemically (presentation of Anatomy)

A

Osteology (bones) Arthrology (Joints) Myology (muscles) Angiology (blood vessels) Neurology (nerves)

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2
Q

Regionally (presentation of Anatomy)

A

Superficial Back Deep Back Suboccipital Region Arm Axilla

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3
Q

Terminology based on

A

Morphology: Piriformis M. - Pear-Shaped Muscle Anatomical Location: Temporalis M. Action: Levator Scapulae

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4
Q

Anatomical Position

A

*palms face anteriorly

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5
Q

Sagittal Plane

A
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6
Q

Coronal / Frontal Plane

A
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7
Q

Transverse / Cross Sectional Plane

A
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8
Q

Superior

A

Up

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9
Q

Inferior

A

Down

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10
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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11
Q

Posterior

A

Back

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12
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

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13
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from the midline

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14
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to the surface

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15
Q

Deep

A

Farther from the surface

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16
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to trunk or point of reference

*Can change depending on the point of reference

*Can be based on direction of flow

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17
Q

Distal

A

Farther from trunk or point of reference

*Can Change depending on the point of reference

* Can be based on direction of flow

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18
Q

Prone

A

Laying down on stomach

Back upward

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19
Q

Supine

A

Laying on back

Stomach up

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20
Q

Extension

A

Creates larger angle from reference (trunk/joint)

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21
Q

Flexion

A

Makes smaller angle between reference point (trunk/joint/bone)

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22
Q

Lateral Bending

A

Ear to side towards floor

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23
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

top of foot towards sky

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24
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Bottom of foot down

toes pointed towards floor

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25
Q

Lateral Rotation

A

Rotated outward away from trunk

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26
Q

Medical Rotation

A

Rotation towards trunk

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27
Q

Abduction of Arms and Legs

A

Move away from truck

*abduct = take away

jumping jacks = X

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28
Q

Adduction of Arms and Legs

A

Moving towards Medial / Trunk

*Add = adding to you

*Jumping Jack = I

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29
Q

Circumduction

A

Rotate in circle

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30
Q

Extension of Hand

A

Fingers going up towards backside of wrist/arm

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31
Q

Flexion of hand/wrist

A

Fingers pointed towards underside of wrist/arm

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32
Q

Flexion of Fingers

A

Fingers into palm

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33
Q

Extension of Fingers

A

Fingers “normal”

Flat palm

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34
Q

Flexion of Thumb

A

Thumb into palm

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35
Q

Extension of Thumb

A

Thumb out to side

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36
Q

Abduction of Thumb

A

Thumb out in front palm

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37
Q

Adduction of Thumb

A

Thumb “normal” beside palm

Flat Hand

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38
Q

Abduction of Fingers

A

Spread out fingers

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39
Q

Adduction of Fingers

A

Fingers together

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40
Q

Elevation

A

Upward

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41
Q

Depression

A

Downward

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42
Q

Retrusion

A

Backwards

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43
Q

Protrusion

A

outward

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44
Q

Eversion

A

Away from medial

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45
Q

Inversion

A

Towards Medial

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46
Q

Supination

47
Q

Pronation

A

Palms down/away

48
Q

Opposition

A

Thumb and pinky together in palm

49
Q

Reposition

A

Thumb and pinky away from eachother

50
Q
A

Short Bones

51
Q
A

Flat Bones

52
Q

Anatomy of Long Bones

A

1 - Epiphysis

2 - Epiphysical Plate

3 - Diaphysis

4 - Metaphysis

5 - Epiphysical Plate

6 - Epiphysis

53
Q

1 -

2 -

3 -

4-

A

1 - Tubercle

2 - Groove

3 - Shaft (Body)

4 - Crest

54
Q

Long Bone

1 -

2 -

A

1 - Compact Bone

2 - Spongy Bone

55
Q
A

Upper Shaft inside of Long Bone

Medullary Cavity (Marrow)

Spongy bone and compact

56
Q
A

Middle Shaft Medullary Cavity

Compact Bone

(No Spongy)

57
Q
A

Hyaline Cartilage

58
Q
A

Fibrocartilage

59
Q
A

Elastic Cartilage

60
Q

Joint Type

A

Synovial Joint

61
Q
A

Fibrous Joint

62
Q
A

Cartilaginous Joint

Femur: Synchondrosis

Vertebra: Symphysis

63
Q
A

Trochoid Joint

64
Q
A

Condyloid Joint

biaxial

permit:

  • flexion and extension,
  • abduction and adduction
  • circumduction

Example:

  • Metacarpophalangeal (fingers)
65
Q
A

Pivot Joint

uniaxial

rounded process of bone fits into a bony lagamentous socket

Permits:

  • rotation

Example:

  • Atlantoaxial Joint
66
Q
A

Ball and Socket Joint

multiaxial

a rounded head fits into a concavity

Permits:

  • movement on several axes
67
Q
A

Plane Joint

uniaxial (usually)

Permit:

Gliding or sliding movement

Example:

Acromioclavicular Joint (clavicle/scapula)

68
Q
A

Hinge Joint

Uniaxial

Permit:

  • Flexion and Extension ONLY

Example:

Elbow Joint

69
Q
A

Saddle Joint

Biaxial

Saddle Shaped Heads

Permit:

Movement in two different planes

Example:

Carpometacarpel Joint (thumb)

70
Q
71
Q
A

Syndesmosis

72
Q
73
Q
A

Schindylesis

74
Q
A

Synchondrosis

75
Q
76
Q

Type of Muscle

A

Skeletal Muscle

77
Q

Type of Muscle

A

Cardiac Muscle

78
Q

Type of Muscle

A

Smooth Muscle

79
Q
A

Skeletal Muscle

  1. Motor Nerve Fiber
  2. Axon
  3. Myofibrils (within muscle fibers)
  4. Neurolemma Cell (Schwann Cell)
  5. Myelin Sheath
  6. Muscle
  7. Fascicles
  8. Muscle Fibers
  9. Neuromuscular junction
  10. Nucleaus of muscle fiber
80
Q
A

Flat muscle with aponeurosis

81
Q
A

Pennate Muscle

  1. Unipennate
  2. Bipennate
  3. Multipennate
82
Q
A

Fusiform Muscle

83
Q
84
Q
A

Multicaudal

85
Q
A

Multiventral

86
Q
87
Q
A

Circular or Sphincteral Muscle

88
Q
A

Quadrate Muscle

89
Q
A

Agonist

bicep

90
Q
A

Antagonist

Tricep

91
Q
92
Q
93
Q
A
  1. Tunica Adventitia
  2. Tunica Media

Tunica Intima

  1. Endothelium
  2. Subendothelium
  3. Basement Membrane
  4. Lumen
  5. Elastic lamina
  6. Artery
  7. Arterioles
  8. Capillary Beds

*Artery = away from the heart

94
Q
A
  1. Tunica adventitia
  2. Tunica media

Tunica Intima

  1. Endothelium
  2. Subendothelium
  3. Basement membrane
  4. Valve cusp
  5. Elastic lamina
  6. Vein
  7. Venules
  8. Capillary Bed
  9. Cusps of valve
  10. Lumen
95
Q

Vein blood flow in legs

A

Blood pushed toward heart by compression / contracting muscle

Retrograde flow obstructed by closed valve

96
Q

Lymphatic Circulation

A

Dealing with surplus tissue fluid

97
Q

Circulation Systems

A
  1. Systemic Circulation
  2. Coronary Circulation
  3. Renal Circulation
  4. Pulmonary Circulation
  5. Portal Circulation
98
Q

Lymphoid Organs

A
  1. Spleen
  2. Thymus
  3. Tonsils

Immunologic function creating, maturing, and storing lymphocytes

99
Q
A

Neuron

  1. Dendrites
  2. Cell body
  3. Nucleus
  4. Axon
  5. Unmyelinated region
  6. Myelinated Internode
  7. Neurolemma (Schwann) Cell
  8. Myeline
  9. Axon
  10. Nucleus
100
Q

Glia Cell Type

A

Astrocytes

  • Create blood brain barrier
  • Type of Glia cell = support cell
101
Q

Type of Glia Cell

A

Microglia

  • Phagocytitic Cells
102
Q

Type of Glia Cells

A

Oligodendroglia and Neurolemma Cells

  • Myelinate Axons
103
Q

Type of Glia Cell

A

Ependyma

  • Produce CSF
104
Q
105
Q
A
  1. Peripheral Nerve
  2. Epineurium
  3. Perineurium
  4. Fascicle
  5. Peripheral (myelinated) nerve fiber
  6. Blood vessels supplying nerve (vasa nervorum)
  7. Myelin sheath (formed by neurolemma or Schwann cells)
  8. Axon
  9. Endoneurium
106
Q

Visceral Fibers

A
  • Sensory
  • Presynaptic sympathetic
  • Postsynaptic sympathetic
  • Presynaptic parasympathetic
  • Postsynaptic parasympathetic
107
Q

Somatic Fibers

A
  • General Sensory
  • Somatic Motor
108
Q

Pseudo-unipolar sensory neuron

A

Spinal (posterior root) sensory ganglion <– Sensory receptors (finger)

109
Q

Somatic multipolar motor neuron

A

From CNS/spine to effector organs (skeletal striated muscle)

110
Q

Autonomic multipolar motor neurons

A

CNS to glands, smooth muscle, modified cardiac muscle

  • presynaptic neuron –> synapse within autonomic ganglion –> postsynaptic neuron –> organ
111
Q

Meninges

A

Spinal Meninges

Cranial Meninges

112
Q

Spinal Meninge

A
  1. Pia Mater
  2. Arachnoid Mater
  3. Dura Mater
113
Q

Cranial Meninges

A
  1. Dura Mater
  2. Arachnoid Mater
  3. Pia Mater
  4. Cerebrospinal Fluid

MSK (9 decks)

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