Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSK > L5 - MSK Back Angiology and Neurology > Flashcards

L5 - MSK Back Angiology and Neurology Flashcards

1
Q
A

Vertebral A.

travels superiorly in the Transverse Foramina of the Cervical Vertebrae C6-1,

exits the Transverse Foramen of the Atlas, crosses over the Posterior Arch of the Atlas, where it is visible in the floor of the Suboccipital Triangle,

sends a branch anteriorly to meet with a similar contralateral branch to form the Anterior Spinal A. and a branch posteriorly, the Posterior Spinal A.,

the Vertebral A. then enters the Posterior Cranial Fossa through the Foramen Magnum and meets up with the contralateral Vertebral A. to form the Basilar A. Produces Paraspinal As.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A

Subclavian A.

  1. Inferior Thyroid A.
  2. Vertebral A.
  3. Thyrocervical Trunck
  4. Internal Thoracic A.
  5. Ascending Cervical A.
  6. Transverse Cerical A.
  7. Supra-scapular A.
  8. Dorsal Scapula A.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Brachiocephalic Trunk

a.

b.

A

a. Right Subclavian A. (see Left Subclavian A.)
b. Right Common Carotid A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A

Anterior Spinal A.

formed by two branches from each Vertebral A. that unite in the midline, travels inferiorly in the Anterior Median Fissure, produces Sulcal As., and is additionally supplied by Anterior Segmental Medullary As. along the length of the Spinal Cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A

Posterior Spinal A.

*paired arteries from the Vertebral A.

Travel inferiorly along the Spinal Cord, may arise from the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A.,

The Posterior Spinal As. are additionally supplied by Posterior Segmental Medullary As. along the length of the Spinal Cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A

Transverse Cervical A.

travels posteriorly across the Neck

where it variably branches into a Deep and Superficial Branch

if no branching occurs it travels to the deep surface of the Trapezius M.

* Subclavian A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A

Dorsal Scapular A.

Variably arises from the 3rd part of the Subclavian A.

Travels superior to the Scapula then along the medial Border of the Scapula supplying the Levator Scapulae and Rhomboid Ms.

If this vessel arises from the Transverse Cervical A. it is known as the Deep Branch of the Transverse Cervical A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A

Subscapular A.

* Largest, yet shortest branch of the Axillary A.

After its origin is quickly terminates into its two terminal branches:

  • Circumflex Scapular A.

(see Upper Extremity)

  • Thoracodorsal A.

(continues in the direction of the Subscapular A., supplies the Latissimus Dorsi M.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A

Thoracodorsal A.

continues in the direction of the Subscapular A., supplies the Latissimus Dorsi M.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A

Thoracic Descending Aorta

  1. Posterior Intercostal A.
  2. Subcostal A.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
A

Abdominal Descending Aorta

  1. Common Iliac A.
  2. Lumbar A.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A

Posterior Spinal A.

paired arteries from the Vertebral A., travel inferiorly along the Spinal Cord, may arise from the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A., the Posterior Spinal As. are additionally supplied by Posterior Segmental Medullary As. along the length of the Spinal Cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A

Dorsal Branch

travels with the Posterior Ramus of the Spinal Nerve, supplies the Spinous Processes with Periosteal and Nutrient branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
A

Posterior Segmental Medullary A.

occur sporadically near the Cervical and Lumbosacral Enlargements of the Spinal Cord in place of Radicular As., feed directly into the Posterior Spinal As.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A

Anterior Segmental Medullary A.

occur sporadically near the Cervical and Lumbosacral Enlargements of the Spinal Cord in place of Radicular As.

feed directly into the Anterior Spinal A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A

Spinal Branch

Occur at every Thoracic level of the Vertebral Column

Travel through the Intervertebral Foramen and produce Anterior and Posterior Vertebral Canal Branches

Also produce Anterior and Posterior Radicular As. or Anterior and Posterior Segmental Medullary As.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
A

Anterior Spinal A.

Formed by two branches from each Vertebral A. that unite in the midline

Travels inferiorly in the Anterior Median Fissure, produces Sulcal As.,

The Anterior Spinal A. is additionally supplied by Anterior Segmental Medullary As. along the length of the Spinal Cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A

Periosteal Branch

occur at every level of the Vertebral Column, supply the Periostium of the Vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
A

Equitorial Branch

occur at every level of the Vertebral Column, supply the Vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
A

Anterior Vertebral Canal Branch

Produce ascending and descending branches that communicate with other Anterior Vertebral Canal Branches, also produce Nutrient As.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
A

Anterior Radicular A.

Occur at every level a Spinal Branch exists

Unless replaced by a larger Anterior Segmental Medullary A.

Supplies the Ventral Roots of the Spinal Nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A

Posterior Radicular A.

Occur at every level a Spinal Branch exists

Unless replaced by a larger Posterior Segmental Medullary A.

Supplies the Dorsal Roots of Spinal N.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
A

Posterior Vertebral Canal Branch

Supply the Vertebral Arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Paraspinal Arterial Source (8)

A
  1. Vertebral Artery
  2. Ascending Cervical A.
  3. Deep Cervical A.
  4. Posterior Intercostal A.
  5. Subcostal A.
  6. Lumbar A.
  7. Iliolumbar A.
  8. Lateral Sacral A.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
of Cervical Spinal Nerves
8 even though only have 7 cervical vertebrae
26
In what area(s) are the spinal nerves larger and why?
In the cervical and lumbar regions So can operate limbs (arms and legs)
27
What is in the Subarachnoid Space?
Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)
28
What is the Denticulate L. made out of?
Pia Mater
29
What space in the Spinal Meninges do you want to be minimal / not a real space?
Dura-Arachnoid Interface - Do not want is to be an actual space - When it is = bad
30
What is the tapered end of the spinal cord called?
Medullary Cone
31
What are the (non-nerve) Pia Mater strings that come down from the spinal cord called?
Filum Terminale Internum
32
What changes at the end of the Lumbar Cistern? What is the new name?
A layer of Dura Mater is added Filum Terminale Internum becomes Filum Terminale Externum
33
What are the nerve rootlets called at the end of the spinal cord?
Cauda Equina
34
What is the area between the dura mater and the vertebral wall, and what occupies it?
Epidural Space Occupied by: - Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus - Epidural Fat
35
What is the outermost tough covering of the Spinal Cord and Spinal Roots?
Spinal Dura Mater
36
What is the potential space, with no natural space, that is often erroneously called the Subdural Space?
Dura-Arachnoid Interface
37
What is the laterally tapering extension of Spinal Dura Mater that surround the Anterior and Posterior Roots?
Dural Root Sheath
38
What is the long tube-shaped sheath surrounding the Spinal Cord lining the Vertebral Canal?
Spinal Dural Sac
39
What is the thin membranous intermediate layer that lines the Spinal Dural Sac and what holds it in place?
The Spinal Arachnoid Mater, which is held firmly to the Dural Sac by pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid which circulates in the Subarachnoid Space.
40
What is the cerebrospinal fluid filled space between the arachnoid and pia mater?
Subarchnoid Space
41
What is the enlargement of the Subarachnoid Space inferior to the Conus Medullaris and what does it contain?
The Lumbar Cistern, and it contains the Cauda Equina.
42
What is the thinnest innermost covering of the spinal cord? Does it follow the entire surface of the spinal cord? and Spinal roots?
Pia Mater Yes, Yes
43
What is the lateral extension of fibrous Pia Mater at regular intervels between the Spinal Roots? What do they attach to? What do they suspend?
Denticulate L. Attach to the Dural Sac To suspend the Spinal Cord in the Dural Sac
44
What is the inferior continuation of Pia Mater inferior to the Conus Medullaris? Where does it pick up a layer of Dura Mater? What does it become then?
Filum Terminale Internum Picks up Dura Mater inferior to the Dural Sac Becomes Filum Terminale Externum
45
Spinal Cord Injury What occurs when Complete Transection of the Spinal Cord occurs? What occurs with each level? C1-C3: C4-C5: C6-C8: T1-T9: T10-L1: L2-3:
CN: Spinal Cord injury can be the result of a number of disease states and traumas. Complete transection of the Spinal Cord results in a loss of sensation and motor function below the lesion. Transection at different levels will result in different loss of function: C1-C3 (no function below the Head, respirator necessary for life), C4-5 (no function of Limbs, respiration capable), C6-C8 (loss of hand and variable upper limb function,. May be able to propel a wheelchair), T1-9 (paralysis of both lower limbs), T10-L1 (some thigh muscle function, may allow walking with long leg braces), L2-3 (most lower limb functions present, may be able to walk with short leg braces).
46
What area of the Vertebral Canal does the Spinal Cord occupy? From what to what?
The upper 2/3 of the V. Canal From Medulla Oblongata to Conus Medullaris
47
Where is a lumbar puncture inserted? Why? What layer "pops"?
CN: Lumbar Puncture: A lumbar puncture or spinal tap is an important diagnostic procedure for evaluating a variety of central nervous system disorders. A needle is inserted between either the _L3/L4_ vertebrae or L4/L5 vertebrae at the level of the iliac crests. This level is typically chosen to avoid the needle injuring the spinal cord. Spinal cord tapers off here. As the needle passes through the _ligamentum flavum_ it “pops” and passes into the lumbar cistern deep to the spinal dura and arachnoid mater. Cerebrospinal fluid can then be draw out and evaluated.
48
What is Cervical Enlargement and where does it occur?
Swelling of the Spinal Cord that corresponds with the Brachial Plexus and Upper Extremity C4-T1
49
What is Lumbosacral Enlargement and where does it occur?
Swelling of the Spinal Cord that corresponds with the Lumbar and Sacral Plexuses and Lower Extremity T11 - S1
50
What part of the spinal cord produces Spinal Rootlets?
Spinal Cord Segment
51
What are the central projections from neuronal cell bodies in the Anterior Horn of the Spinal Cord? What do they converge with? What do they form? Where are they located?
Anterior Root Converge with Posterior Root Form Spinal Nerve At each Spinal Cord Segment
52
What are the small fibers originating from the Spinal Cord? What do they converge to form? Where are they located?
Anterior and Posterior Rootlets Converge to form a single Anterior/Posterior Root At each Spinal Cord Segment
53
What are the central projectiong from neuronal cell bodies in the Spinal Ganglion? What to they converge to form? Where are they located?
Posterior Root Converge with Anterior Root Form Spinal Nerve At each Spinal Cord Segment
54
What is a collection of Sensory nerve cell bodies associated with the Posterior Root?
Spinal Ganglion
55
How are there 8 cervical spinal nerves but only 7 cervical vertebrae?
The C1 Spinal Nerve exits the Vertebral Column above C1. Then C2 Spinal nerve exits below C1 (between C1 and C2), and so on.
56
What allows for the union of Anterior and Posterior Roots and very quickly branches into Anterior and Posterior Rami? Roots --\> ? --\> Rami
Spinal Nerves \*VERY short
57
What is the second most common reason people visit a physician? What five categories of structures? What are they innervated by? What is the most common? And what are the most common a result of?
CN: **Back pain** is the second most common reason people visit a physician, unfortunately the anatomical basis for this pain is rarely described. There are five categories of structures innervated by the **Recurrent Meningeal N.** and **Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerves**: _Fibroskeletal Structures_ (Periostium and Ligaments) and _Meninges_ innervated by Recurrent Meningeal Ns. _Synovial Joints_, _Intrinsic Back Muscles_ and _Spinal Nerves and Nerve Roots_ innervated by the Posterior Rami. Of these five the most common are muscular, joint and Fibroskeletal pain. - **Muscular** pain is often the result of _spasm_ in muscular tissue producing _ischemia_. - **Joint** pain is usually the result of osteoarthritis or _disease_ arthritis - **Fibroskeletal** pain is usually a result of _fractures_ and _dislocation_ of _ligamentous_ structures.
58
What are the Anterior Rami of the Cervical Spinal Nerves? And what region do they run? 1. 2. 3.
1. Cervical Plexus (C1 - 4) 2. Brachial Plexus (C5-T1) 3. Recurrent Meningeal Branch (sensory and Sympathetic fivers to the Dura Mater)
59
What are the Posterior Rami of the Cervical Spine? 1. 2. 3. 4. a. b.
1. Suboccipital N. 2. Greater Occipital N. 3. Least Occipital N. 4. C4-C8: cutaneous and muscular innervation - Medial Branch: muscular, articular, cutaneous branches - Lateral Branch: muscular, cutaneous branches
60
What is the Posterior Ramus of C1? What does it innervate? Where does it travel?
Suboccipital N. Innervated Suboccipital musculature Travels through Suboccipital Triangle
61
What is the Posterior Ramus of C2? Where does it run? Where does it appear?
Great Occipital N. Cutaneous to posterior Scalp Appears below the Suboccipital Triangle traveling superiorly
62
What is the Posterior Ramus of C3? What does it innervate?
Least Occipital N. Cutaneous and Muscular Innervation
63
What goes to Transversospinalis muscles? And what part of the Cervical Posterior Rami is it a part of?
Muscular Branches Part of Medial Branch C4-C8
64
What do the Articular Branches of the Medial Branch of Cervical Posterior Rami go to?
Zygopophyseal Joints
65
What Posterior Rami innervate Skin of Dermatome?
Cutaneous Branches of Medial Branch and Lateral Branch of Cervical Posterior Rami C4-C8
66
What Cervical Posterior Rami innervate the Erector Spinae and Splenius muscles?
Muscular branches of Lateral Branch of C4-C8
67
What is the distal cone shaped terminal end of the Spinal Cord? When does it begin and end?
Medullary Cone / Conus Medullaris Begins tapering off at T12 and ends at L2
68
What is the bundle of Anterior and Posterior Roots from the Lumbosacral Enlargement and Medullary Cone? What does it occupy? Where does it begin?
Cauda Equina Occupied Vertebral Canal inside Lumbar Cistern From Medullary Cone inferiorly
69
What are the Anterior Rami of the Thoracic Spinal Nerves? 1. a,b 2. 3. 4.
1. Atypical Intercostal N. (T1 and 2, 7 – 11) a. T 1,2 : send branches to the Brachial Plexus b. T7-11 : become Thoracoabdominal N. as they travel over the Abdomen 2. Typical Intercostal N. (T3-6) 3. Subcostal N. (T12) 4. Recurrent Meningeal Branches Sensory and Sympathetic fibers to the Dura Mater
70
Posterior Rami of the Thoracic Spinal Nerves 1. a,b,c 2. a,b
1. Medial Branch A. Muscular Branch (to transversospinalis muscles and Longissimus Thoracis muscle) B. Articular branch (to the Zygopophyseal Joint) C. Cutaneous Branch (to Skin of Dermatome) 2. Lateral Branch A. Muscular Branch (to Erector Spinae muscles) B. Cutaneous Branch (to Skin of Dermatome)
71
Anterior Rami of Lumbar Spinal Nerves
Anterior Rami i. Lumbar Plexus (L1-4) ii. Lumbosacral Trunk (some of L4 and all of L5, travels inferiorly to join with the Sacral Plexus) iii. Recurrent Meningeal Branches (sensory and Sympathetic fibers to the Dura Mater)
72
Posterior Rami of Lumbar Spinal Nerves
1. Medial Branch A. Muscular Branch (to Transversospinalis, Interspinalis and Intertransversarii muscles) B. Articular branch (to the Zygopophyseal Joint) C. Cutaneous Branch (to Skin of Dermatome) 2. Lateral Branch A. Muscular Branch (to Erector Spinae muscles) B. Cutaneous Branch (to Skin of Dermatome) C. Superior Cluneal N. (Lateral Branch of the Posterior Rami of L1-3)
73
Anterior Rami of Sacral Spinal Nerves
1. Sacral Plexus (L4-S4) 2. Coccygeal Plexus (some of S4 and all of S5) 3. Recurrent Meningeal Branches (sensory and Sympathetic fibers to the Dura Mater)
74
Posterior Rami of Sacral Spinal Nerves
i. Medial Branch ii. Lateral Branch A. Middle Cluneal N. (Lateral Branch of Posterior Rami of S1-3)
75
1. Epidural Space 2. Dura Mater 3. Dura-Arachnoid Interface 4. Subarachnoid Space 5. Denticulate L. 6. Dural Root Sheath 7. Arachnoid Mater 8. Pia Mater 9. Arachnoid Trabeculae
76
1?
Vertebral A.
77
2?
Ascending Cervical A.
78
3?
Deep Cervical A.
79
4?
Posterior Intercostal A.
80
5?
Subcostal A.
81
6?
Lumbar A.
82
7?
Iliolumbar A.
83
8?
Lateral Sacral A.
84
1? 2? 8?
1. External Vertebral Venous Plexus 2. Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus 8. External Vertebral Plexus
85
3? 4?
3. Posterior Radicular V. 4. Posterior Medullary V.
86
5?
5. Intervertebral V.
87
6? 7?
6. Anterior Medullary V. 7. Anterior Radicular V.
88
Spinal Dura Sac
89
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Spinal Meninges 1. Medullary Cone 2. Lumbar Cistern 3. Filum Terminale Interum 4. Filum Terminale Externum 5. Cauda Equina
90
1 2 3
1. Denticulate L. 2. Dura Mater 3. Pia Mater
91
4. 5. 6.
4. Arachnoid Mater 5. Dura Root Sheath 6. Arachnoid Trabeculae
92
7. 8.
7. Subarachnoid Space 8. Epidural Space
93
1. 2. 7. 8.
1. Posterior Rootlets 2. Posterior Root 7. Anterior Root 8. Anterior Rootlets
94
3. 4. 5. 6.
3. Spinal Ganglion 4. Posterior Ramus 5. Anterior Ramus 6. Spinal Nerve
95
9. 10.
9. Anterior Horn 10. Posterior Horn
96
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
1 & 4: Greater Occipital N. (C2) 2&5: Least Occipital N. (C3) 3. Suboccipital N. (C1)
97
Posterior Rami of C1-3 1. Suboccipital N. (C1) 2. Greater Occipital N. (C2) 3. Least Occipital N. (C3)
98
1-3
1. Greater Occipital N. (C2) 2. Suboccipital N. (C1) 3. Least Occipital N. (C3)

MSK (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions