L8 Lymphoid System

Question 1

T/F both cell-mediated + humoral immune responses require T-cell and APCs?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T/F GALT serves only as primary lymphoid tissue

Answer 2

False it is primary and secondary

GALT stands for “Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue”. GALT is a component of the immune system that is located in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. It is made up of various lymphoid tissues, including Peyer’s patches, isolated lymphoid follicles, and mesenteric lymph nodes, among others. GALT plays an important role in protecting the body from harmful pathogens that enter the body through the gut by producing antibodies and activating immune cells to fight against them.

Question 3

What are the secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 3

Lymphoid nodules
Lymph nodes
Tonsils
Spleen

Question 4

Peyer’s patch, GALT, and the appendix are part of which tissue?

Answer 4

diffuse lymphatic tissue

Question 5

What differentiates primary and secondary nodules (follicules)

Answer 5

primary –> inactive B-cells and no germinal cntr
Secondary–> active B-cells and germinal cntr

Question 6

What is the visual distinction b/n 1 and 2 nodules?

Answer 6

2 nodules are larger and lighter in color
1 nodules are darker

Question 7

Where are germinal centers located?

Answer 7

in the center of the follicle

Question 8

Why do germinal centers stain lighter?

Answer 8

they have euchromatin

this is due to the rapidly dividing b-cells w/in the follicle

Question 9

Where are lymphoid nodules organized?

Answer 9

w/in lymph nodes

Question 10

T/F HEV’s can be found in peyer’s patch

Answer 10

true

HEVs stands for “High Endothelial Venules”. They are specialized blood vessels found within Peyer’s patches, which are clusters of lymphoid tissue located in the wall of the small intestine.

Question 11

Which of the tonsils is characterized by…
- ciliated pseudostratified epithelium
- contain fewer 1* and 2* lymphoid nodules

Answer 11

adenoid/pharyngeal

Question 12

Which of the tonsils is characterized by..
- lined w stratified squamous epithelium
- contain many 1* and 2* lymphoid nodules
- have crypts

Answer 12

palatine

Question 13

What is the purpose of crypts ?

Answer 13

increased tonsil surface area

Question 14

What is the order of lymphatic flow?

Answer 14

1. afferent vessel
2. subcapsular sinus
3. trabecular sinus
4. medullary sinus
5. efferent vessels

Question 15

What is the organization of lymphatic nodes?

Answer 15

1. Capsule
2. outer cortex
3. inner cortex
4. medulla

Question 16

Describe lymphatic capillaries

Answer 16

they are fenestrated

Question 17

What is the role of afferent lymphatic vessels?

Answer 17

deliver fluid to the lymphoid organs

Question 18

What is the role of efferent lymphatic vessels?

Answer 18

deliver fluid out of the lymphoid organs

Question 19

What is the fxn of the spleen?

Answer 19

filter blood and store platelets

Question 20

What is the role of red pulp in the spleen?

Answer 20

site of blood filtration

Question 21

What is the role of white pulp in the spleen?

Answer 21

site of immune response

Question 22

T/F blood filtration is closed circulation

Answer 22

False, its open circulation

Question 23

What cells stop damaged RBCs from entering the splenic sinus?

Answer 23

marcophages

Question 24

Where are PALS located?

Answer 24

around central arteries

Question 25

Wahat are the primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 25

Thymus
Bone marrow

Question 26

What are some causes of lymphadenitis?

Answer 26

tonsillitis
pharyngitis

Question 27

What structure make up waldeyer’s ring?

Answer 27

1 pharyngeal tonsil
2 tubal tonsils
2 palatine tonsils
1 lingual tonsils

Question 28

What increases SA in palatine tonsils but are also prone to hide AGs and lead to chronic infection?

Answer 28

crypts

Question 29

Where do lymphocytes enter on the right side? left side?

Answer 29

right–> right lymphatic trunk
left –> thoracic duct