L2 Respiratory Histo

Question 1

What structures make up the respiratory system?

Answer 1

nasal (olfactory cavity)
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
lungs

Question 2

Where is olfactory epithelium located?

Answer 2

the roof of the nasal cavity

Question 3

What type of epithelium is found in the olfactory epithelium, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

Answer 3

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 4

What three cells make up the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 4

olfactory cells
supporting (sustentacular cells)
basal nuclei

Question 5

What type of cilia is assoc. w olfactory cells?

Answer 5

non-motile cilia

Question 6

What can help you pinpoint supporting (sustentacular) cells ?

Answer 6

oval nucleus
above olfactory cell

Question 7

What CT is below olfactory epithelium?

Answer 7

loose CT (lamina propria)

Question 8

What gland is contained in the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 8

bowman’s gland

Question 9

The larynx is made of what type of cartilage?

Answer 9

hyaline
except the epiglottis

Question 10

The epiglottis is made of what type of cartilage?

Answer 10

elastic cartilage

Question 11

What type of epithelium lines the epiglottis and the true vocal cords?

Answer 11

stratified squamous

Question 12

What epithelium lines the false vocal cord?

Answer 12

pseudostratified columnar

Question 13

Which way does the respiratory epithelium beat?

Answer 13

towards the pharynx

Question 14

When are respiratory cilia bent? straight?

Answer 14

they are bend during recovery
they are straight as they push against think mucous layer

Question 15

What can result in a buildup of mucous and loss of normal respiratory epithelium?

Answer 15

damage cilia

Question 16

What is the trachea composed of?

Answer 16

smooth muscle (post.)
hyaline cartilage

Question 17

What type of cartilage does the bronchi have?

Answer 17

hyaline cartilage

Question 18

What are bronchioles composed of?

Answer 18

smooth muscle

Question 19

Where are clara cells found in cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 19

in the bronchioles

Question 20

What is relationship b/n clara cells and ciliated cells?

Answer 20

they increase as the other increase

(meaning that clara cells increase from terminal to respiratory brinchioles)

Question 21

What type of vasculature do both bronchi and bronchioles connect to?

Answer 21

pulmonary arteries

Question 22

What type of epithelium lines alveoli?

Answer 22

simple squamous epithelium

Question 23

Alveoli are composed of what?

Answer 23

elastic fibers

Question 24

What types of cells compose the alveolar wall?

Answer 24

Type 1
Type 2
Fibroblasts
Macrophages

Question 25

Which cells in the alveolar wall are squamous?

Answer 25

Type 1

Question 26

Which cells in the alveolar wall are cuboidal and produce surfactant?

Answer 26

Type 2

Question 27

What respiratory disease is characterised by thick mucus that is hard to clear?

Answer 27

cystic fibrosis (decreases Cl- secretion; increased Na+ absorption)

Question 28

What respiratory disease is characterised by hyper responsiveness?

Answer 28

asthma (Ags bind IgE receptors on mast cells to cause histamine release)

Question 29

What respiratory disease is characterised by destruction of alveolar walls d/t loss of elastic tissue?

Answer 29

emphysema

Question 30

Lack of type 2 alveolar cells can be the cause of what respiratory disease?

Answer 30

hyaline membrane disease