L8: diabetes Flashcards
hormones from GIT influencing both insulin and glucagon to maintain equilibrium
incretins
how does stress hormone affect blood glucose?
leads to hyperglycemia
gestational diabetes affects :
mostly young mothers nearing 3rd trimester of pregnancy
clinical features of DM :
Polydypsia: excessive thirst
blurred vision due to high blood glucose effects on eyes optics
unexplained weight loss
coma
fasting blood sugar
-normal:
-diabetic risk:
diabetic:
target ADA:
-NORMAL: 70-105 mg/dl
-diabetic risk: 106-125mg/dl
-diabetic: >,= 126mg/dl
target ADA: 80MG/DL-130MG/DL
Post prandial blood sugar :
-normal
-diabetic
-target ADA :
normal : 70-14mg/dl
diabetic : >,= 200mg/dl
target AMA: <180mg/dl
HBA1C
nondiabetic :
increased risk:
diabetic :
target ADA:
nondiabetic :<5.7%
increased risk : 5.7-6.4%
diabetic: >6.5%
target ADA : <7%
other conditions associated with hyperglycemia :
hyper-pituitarism
Addison’s disease
Cushing’s syndrome
injectable treatment :
insulin therapy
GLP 1 analog
complications of acute diabetes
-diabetic keto-acidosis
-hyperosmolar non-ketotic acidosis
-hypoglycemia
complications of chronic diabetes :
microvascular: retinopathy , nephropathy , neuropathy
macrovascular :
-peripheral artery disease
-CVD
-cerebro vascular disease
diabetic foot
diabetes is the leading cause of:
blindness
non truamatic lower leg amputations
strokes
heart attacks
chronic kidney damage
periodontitis
monitoring diabetes involves monitoring of :
HBA1C
BP
Cholesterol
glucometer
hypoglycemia: blood glucose drops below :
<54mg/dl
causes of hypoglycemia ;:
exogenous drug(insulin)
oituitary insufficency
liver failure
addisons disease
islet cell tumors
non-pancreatic neoplasm such as sarcoma
