L5: Viral hepatitis Flashcards
symptoms of acute viral hepatitis last:
less than 6 month
appearance of severe complications rapidly after first signs of liver disease (such as jaundice) and indication that the liver has sustained severe damage ( loss of functions of 80-90% of liver cells)+ massive hepatic necrosis with impaired consciousness within 8 weeks of onset of illness :
acute hepatic failure
inflammation of liver for 6 months or more :
chronic viral hepatitis
replacement of liver tissue with fibrous depositions (scar tissue) leading to loss of function
cirrhosis
severe impairment if hepatic functions or severe necrosis of hepatocytes in the ABSCENCE of pre existing liver disease :
fulminant hepatitis
hepatitis viruses transmitted through feco-oral route:
HVAV, HEV
Hepatitis viruses having ssRNA that is not enveloped :
HAV , HEV
Only DNA Hepatitis virus
HBV
age affected :
-carrier state :
-incubation period :
-chronic infection :
specific prophylaxis:
for:
HAV:
HBV:
HCV:
HDV:
HEV:
HAV:
-children
-no carrier state
-incubation :10-50(avg.25-30) days
-no chronic infection
-ig and vaccine
HBV:
-affects all ages
-carrier state is common
-incubation: 50-180(avg60-90) days
-chronic infection is present
-ig and vaccine
HCV:
-Affects adults
-carrier state is present
-incubation:40-120 days
-chronic infection is present
-no specific prophylaxis
HDV:
-affects all ages
-no carrier state (only with HBV)
-incubation 2-12 weeks
-HBV vaccine
HEV:
-affects young adults
-no carrier state
-incubation 2-9 weeks
-no chronic infection
-no specific prophylaxis
which particle of HBV is considered infectious ?
Dane particle
HBV can be steraliezed through
sodium hypochlorite or heat sterilization in the autoclave for 20-60 minutes
vertical hepatitis B is mostly likley transmitted by mothers who are :
HBeAG positive
diagnosis of Hepatitis B includes:
-serology testing
-liver chemical tests
-histology (immunoperoxide staining )
-HBV viral DNA ( most accurate test being PCR)
-Liver biopsy to determine grade (inflammation) and stage ( fibrosis ) in chronic hepatitis
which test is the most accurate for marking of viral DNA of HBV ?
PCR
Which test is used to determine the grade (inflammation) and stage (fibrosis) in chronic hepatiis
liver biopsy
what is the first marker to appear in blood after infection ?
HBsAG
what serologic event signals the recovery from HBV infection and non-infectivity ?
disappearance of HBsAG and appearance of anti-HBs antibodies
which antigen does not appear in serum (HBV)
HBcAG
presence of which antigen in HBV infection indicates viral replication and infectivity
HBeAG
what serological event indicates the increased likelihood of chronic hepatitis B ?
Persistence of HBeAG in serum beyond 3 months
hepatitis B immunoglobulin is given to :
patients exposed to virus within 48 hours of the incident
neonates whose mothers are HBsAG and HBeAG positive
how many doses in the HBV vaccine and what is its scheduled time ?
0.5ml given at birth
3 doses at 6 ,10,14th week
drug treatment for HBV ?
interferon Alpha
lamivudine
adefovir dipivoxil (hepsera)
HCV ++ chronic , no jaundice in most cases
HCV can multiply :
in the liver and lymphocytes
which test is done to diagnose hepatitis C infection ?
ELISA TEST . it is not useful in acute phase though since it takes 4 weeks for antibodies to appear
PCRs role in HCV diagnosis ?
may be used to diagnose HCV in ACUTE phase but its main use is to monitor response to antiviral therapy
drug treatment for HCV infection :
interferon
ribavirin
combination
