L5: Viral hepatitis

Question 1

symptoms of acute viral hepatitis last:

Answer 1

less than 6 month

Question 2

appearance of severe complications rapidly after first signs of liver disease (such as jaundice) and indication that the liver has sustained severe damage ( loss of functions of 80-90% of liver cells)+ massive hepatic necrosis with impaired consciousness within 8 weeks of onset of illness :

Answer 2

acute hepatic failure

Question 3

inflammation of liver for 6 months or more :

Answer 3

chronic viral hepatitis

Question 4

replacement of liver tissue with fibrous depositions (scar tissue) leading to loss of function

Answer 4

cirrhosis

Question 5

severe impairment if hepatic functions or severe necrosis of hepatocytes in the ABSCENCE of pre existing liver disease :

Answer 5

fulminant hepatitis

Question 6

hepatitis viruses transmitted through feco-oral route:

Answer 6

HVAV, HEV

Question 7

Hepatitis viruses having ssRNA that is not enveloped :

Answer 7

HAV , HEV

Question 8

Only DNA Hepatitis virus

Answer 8

HBV

Question 9

age affected :
-carrier state :
-incubation period :
-chronic infection :
specific prophylaxis:

for:
HAV:
HBV:
HCV:
HDV:
HEV:

Answer 9

HAV:
-children
-no carrier state
-incubation :10-50(avg.25-30) days
-no chronic infection
-ig and vaccine

HBV:
-affects all ages
-carrier state is common
-incubation: 50-180(avg60-90) days
-chronic infection is present
-ig and vaccine

HCV:
-Affects adults
-carrier state is present
-incubation:40-120 days
-chronic infection is present
-no specific prophylaxis

HDV:
-affects all ages
-no carrier state (only with HBV)
-incubation 2-12 weeks
-HBV vaccine

HEV:
-affects young adults
-no carrier state
-incubation 2-9 weeks
-no chronic infection
-no specific prophylaxis

Question 10

which particle of HBV is considered infectious ?

Answer 10

Dane particle

Question 11

HBV can be steraliezed through

Answer 11

sodium hypochlorite or heat sterilization in the autoclave for 20-60 minutes

Question 12

vertical hepatitis B is mostly likley transmitted by mothers who are :

Answer 12

HBeAG positive

Question 13

diagnosis of Hepatitis B includes:

Answer 13

-serology testing
-liver chemical tests
-histology (immunoperoxide staining )
-HBV viral DNA ( most accurate test being PCR)
-Liver biopsy to determine grade (inflammation) and stage ( fibrosis ) in chronic hepatitis

Question 14

which test is the most accurate for marking of viral DNA of HBV ?

Answer 14

PCR

Question 15

Which test is used to determine the grade (inflammation) and stage (fibrosis) in chronic hepatiis

Answer 15

liver biopsy

Question 16

what is the first marker to appear in blood after infection ?

Answer 16

HBsAG

Question 17

what serologic event signals the recovery from HBV infection and non-infectivity ?

Answer 17

disappearance of HBsAG and appearance of anti-HBs antibodies

Question 18

which antigen does not appear in serum (HBV)

Answer 18

HBcAG

Question 19

presence of which antigen in HBV infection indicates viral replication and infectivity

Answer 19

HBeAG

Question 20

what serological event indicates the increased likelihood of chronic hepatitis B ?

Answer 20

Persistence of HBeAG in serum beyond 3 months

Question 21

hepatitis B immunoglobulin is given to :

Answer 21

patients exposed to virus within 48 hours of the incident

neonates whose mothers are HBsAG and HBeAG positive

Question 22

how many doses in the HBV vaccine and what is its scheduled time ?

Answer 22

0.5ml given at birth

3 doses at 6 ,10,14th week

Question 23

drug treatment for HBV ?

Answer 23

interferon Alpha

lamivudine

adefovir dipivoxil (hepsera)

Question 24

HCV ++ chronic , no jaundice in most cases

Question 25

HCV can multiply :

Answer 25

in the liver and lymphocytes

Question 26

which test is done to diagnose hepatitis C infection ?

Answer 26

ELISA TEST . it is not useful in acute phase though since it takes 4 weeks for antibodies to appear

Question 27

PCRs role in HCV diagnosis ?

Answer 27

may be used to diagnose HCV in ACUTE phase but its main use is to monitor response to antiviral therapy

Question 28

drug treatment for HCV infection :

Answer 28

interferon

ribavirin

combination