Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO232 Plant Ecology > L8 Biome Concepts > Flashcards

L8 Biome Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

What defines a biome

A

The main vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a biome

A

A large scale (regional or continental) distinct community of plant and animas, adapted to the regions physical environment (inc climate, topography and soil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What determines the regional extent of a biome

A

Climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are biomes classified

A

According to structural character if vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is climate controlled

A

How much solar energy is intercepted by Earth and its atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What part of earth does solar energy warm up

A

The land
Land then heats up the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is denser, cold or warm air

A

Cold air is denser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain how air cycles

A

Hot air rises as it is less dense
Once it has risen, it is further away from the hot land, so it cools down and falls again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What causes the Coriolis effect

A

The earths rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which direction do the Northern and Southern hemisoheres deflect to

A

N hemisphere delflects to the right
S hemisphere deflects to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the Coriolis effect do to an object

A

Deflects an objects intended direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do Hadley cells meet
What is the name for this

A

At the equator - intertopical convergence zone (ITCZ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What winds meet at the intertropical convergence zone
What climatic events are common here

A

NE and SE trade winds come together
Monsoons and tropical cyclones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

As distance from the equator increases, what happens to the duration, amount and reliability of precipitation

A

All decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most productive ecosystem

A

Tropical rainforest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the growth rate in tropical rainforests

A

Quick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is biodiversity highest and why

A

Around the equator
Things grow faster so there is increased speciation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some local scale drivers of biomes

A

Human impact
Disturbance
Topography
Microclimates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are top down processes acting on biomes

A

Climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What bottom up processes affect biomes

A

Topography, human influence etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the fourth dimension in 3 dimensional space

A

Time

22
Q

What can topography affect

A

Airflow
Climate
Soil (run off, erosion)
Drainage
Species adaptation
Species composition

23
Q

How can altitude alter local climate (what changes can be seen as you go up and over a mountain)

A

Prevailing wind
Rising, cooling air
Descending, warming air
Rain shadow

24
Q

What do changes in altitude show a similar relationship do

A

Changes in latitude

25
Q

How can soil affect plant communities

A

Nitrogen, drainage, sand/clay

26
Q

What produces more mineral rich soil: deciduous forest or evergreen pine forest

A

Deciduous forest

27
Q

What fcators can influence soil

A

Climate
Organisms
Topography
Parent materials
Time
Environmental interactions

28
Q

Define a disturbance

A

An event in time that disrupts the ecosystem or physical environment

29
Q

In what dimensions can disturbance vary
Why is disturbance important

A

Can vary on scale, frequency and type
It can promote succession and diversity

30
Q

Give some examples of disturbance

A

Fire
Disease
Drought
Human exploitation
Wind (that causes trees to fall)

31
Q

How does functional classification split plants

A

Depending on structure, traits and biochemical processes

32
Q

How does evolutionary classification split plants

A

Depending on their evolutionary history and how close they are geentically related to eachother
Taxonomic grouping is based on generic differences

33
Q

How can plants be split by life cycle
What are the 3 life cycles

A

Annual - lifecycle within 1 year
Biennial - every 2 years
Perennial - 3 years or more

34
Q

How does the Raunkiaer system classify plants
What are groups based off

A

Plant life form classification
Groups based on the place of the plants bud growth form

35
Q

When was the Raunkiaer system proposed

A

1904

36
Q

Where does bud growth occur in phanerophytes and give an example plant

A

From main stem into air above 50cm from ground
trees

37
Q

Where does bud growth occur in chsmaephytes and give an example plant

A

Persistent shoots near ground, no more than 50cm above soil
Small woody shrubs, herbaceous

38
Q

Where does bud growth occur in hemicryptophytes and give an example plant

A

At or near soil durface
Single stemmed herbs - Aperacae

39
Q

Where does bud growth occur in cryptophytes give an example plant
What 2 groups are they split into

A

Below ground, buds lie beneath surface
Bluebells, wild garlic, daffodils
Geophyte - rhizomes and bulbs
Helophyte - under water

40
Q

What is the growth form of attached hydrophytes and give an example plant

A

Shoot system entirely underwater, leaves underwater or floar on surface, influorescence may emerge above water surface
Water lily

41
Q

What is the growth form of free-floating hydrophytes and give an example plant

A

Entire plant can exist in water column or on surface, no connection to secument
Water cabbage

42
Q

What is the growth form of epiphytes and give an example plant

A

Plants grow on one another, depending on other plants for mechanical support, can exist entirely above ground
Ferns, mosses and lichens

43
Q

Are epiphytes parasitic

A

No, but sometimes so many can grow on one plant that they kill it

44
Q

What does Raunkiaers system not show

A

Adaptations and evolutionary histories

45
Q

What is Raunkiers classification good for

A

Observing differences in functional diversity

46
Q

How can plants be classified in terms of large general plant characteristics (what groups are they split into)
What is this method useful for

A

Evergreen - tropical
Evergreen - temperate
Deciduous - tropical
Deciduous - temperate
Tree or shrub
Grasses or herbaceous plants
Global climate and carbon models

47
Q

What are the 3 photosynthetic pathways and when are they used

A

C3 - most common
C4 - shade intollerent
CAMs - hot and arid desert regions

48
Q

What is used in biological classification of plants

A

Grouping species with shared characteristics
Revised to reflect evolutionary theories of common descent

49
Q

What does a predominantelty C4 system tell you about the environment

A

Evolved in an area of low carbon dioxide e.g. Tropical grassland

50
Q

What does a high prescence of bryophytes tel lyou about the environment

A

Wet and moist

51
Q

What are some ways of classifying plants

A

Family groups
Biological (linked to Linnaeus)
Photosynthetic pathways
General plant characteristics
Raunkiaer system
Life cycle

BIO232 Plant Ecology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions