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Applications of Marine Science > L8 & 9 - Marine Renewables > Flashcards

L8 & 9 - Marine Renewables Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the main aim of studying marine renewables?

A

To determine Resource Potential

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2
Q

What are the 2 current issues in the UK with regards to energy?

A
  1. Climate Change

2. Energy Security

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3
Q

By 2020, the UK is aiming to have how much energy from renewables?

A

30%

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4
Q

How much energy is the UK aiming to get from offshore renewables?

A

200 mW

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5
Q

When were the 2 most recent UK Climate Change Bills?

A

2008 and 2012

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6
Q

Where are the legal requirements for Wales and renewables set out?

A

Government of Wales Act 1998 Section 21

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7
Q

In what year were reductions made to electricity tariffs?

A

2015

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8
Q

Name the 3 parties involved with trading electricity

A
  1. Producer
  2. Middle Man
  3. National Grid
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9
Q

By which year will all coal power stations in the UK be removed?

A

2025

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10
Q

Why do we need to forecast energy?

A

To know if it can be supplied

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11
Q

What are the 3 main renewable energy sources?

A
  1. Wind
  2. Wave
  3. Tidal
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12
Q

What are the 2 main energy sources from tidal energy?

A
  1. Tidal Current

2. Tidal Head

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13
Q

What is an energy unit?

A

Joule and Joules/Second = Watt

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14
Q

What are the 2 types of energy?

A
  1. Kinetic

2. Potential

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15
Q

What is Kinetic Energy a function of?

A

Velocity

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16
Q

What is Potential Energy a function of?

A

Height

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17
Q

What is technology currently best for?

A

Wind Energy

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18
Q

What is the most powerful energy source?

A

Wave

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19
Q

Who produces the Marine Renewable Atlas?

A

ABPMer

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20
Q

What is wind strength related to?

A

Isobaric Spacing

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21
Q

Where are the most reliable winds?

A

Sub-Tropics

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22
Q

We’re are the most powerful winds?

A

Mid-Latitudes

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23
Q

By how much does wind energy decrease overland and why?

A

50% because of Friction

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24
Q

How much more wind energy is there offshore than onshore?

A

20-30% more

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25
Q

What is the starting speed required for wind turbines?

A

4-5m/s

26
Q

What is the maximum power for a wind turbine?

A

15m/s (30 knots)

27
Q

What is the maximum efficiency of a wind turbine?

A

60%

28
Q

At what wind speed do wind turbines switch off?

A

~40 knots

29
Q

What does wave energy depend on?

A

Speed and Wave Height

30
Q

What is the average power of a North Sea wave?

A

20kw/m

31
Q

Wave energy is lost to what 2 things?

A
  1. Friction

2. Work

32
Q

Wave energy has the potential to provide how much of the UK’s energy demands?

A

25%

33
Q

How efficient are wave conversion devices?

A

20-40%

34
Q

Where are the 2 best locations in the UK for wave energy?

A
  1. Cornwall

2. Scotland

35
Q

Give an example of a location whereby Topography has enhanced the local tidal range?

A

Strangford Loch, Northern Ireland

36
Q

What is the tidal range of the Severn Estuary?

A

10-12m

37
Q

The Severn Estuary has the potential to provide how much of the UK’s energy demands?

A

5-7%

38
Q

Who is responsible in the UK for producing tidal predictions?

A

UKHO

39
Q

What type of energy is the head of the water?

A

Potential

40
Q

What type of energy are tidal currents and potentially how much of the UK’s energy demands could be met from them?

A

Kinetic

20%

41
Q

What speed to tidal currents need to be in-order to be viable?

A

2-3m/s (4-6 knots)

42
Q

Give 4 examples of projects in place for energy generation

A
  1. Limpet
  2. Pelamis
  3. Wave Dragon
  4. Wave Hub
43
Q

Give 5 things that can be obtained from assessing and modelling renewable energy

A
  1. Resource Potential Maps
  2. Through Life Forecasting Support
  3. Forecasted Power Production
  4. Minium and Peak Values
  5. Daily Forecasts on Power Production
44
Q

What has the crown estate created for assessing and modelling renewable energy?

A

A wave and tidal knowledge network

45
Q

What are the 3 data types you can get for assessing and modelling wind energy?

A
  1. Wind Roses
  2. Maximum/Minimum Values
  3. Frequency Distributions
46
Q

Name 2 companies that provide services for assessing and modelling renewable energy

A
  1. StormGeo

2. Fugro EMU

47
Q

What is the forecasting service used by the Met Office?

A

MetMast

48
Q

How much energy is available in Wales from wave and tidal resources and how much is extractable?

A

40 Gw

10% Extractable

49
Q

What is the EU obligation for renewable energy by 2020 and what is the current state of play in the UK?

A

To have 15% of energy from renewables, currently

50
Q

Which type of energy could meet 100% of Wales’ energy needs?

A

Tidal

51
Q

What are the 2 forms of Tidal Energy (With Descriptions)?

A
  1. Tidal Stream (Impounds High Tide Level Water)

2. Tidal Range (Extract KE from Horizontal Currents through Turbines)

52
Q

Give 3 examples of tidal energy across the world

A
  1. Barrage de La Rance, France
  2. Annapolis Royal Generating Station, Canada
  3. Lake Sihwa, South Korea
53
Q

How much of the UK’s energy could a barrage on the Severn provide?

A

5%

54
Q

How much would a barrage on the Severn cost?

A

~£25 billion

55
Q

What were the original 2 drivers for the Severn barrage?

A
  1. Flood Protection

2. Recreation

56
Q

How would the severn barrage +vely and -vely impact biodiversity?

A

-ve: loss of intertidal habitats

+ve: reduced turbidity, increased light penetration and increased primary productivity

57
Q

What are the 4 operational stages to a tidal lagoon?

A
  1. Build up head inside the lagoon by water level falling outside from high to low tide
  2. Generate electricity by emptying lagoon from HW to LW level
  3. Build up head outside the lagoon by water level rising inside from low to high tide
  4. Generate electricity by filling lagoon from LW to HW level
58
Q

Give 6 facts about the Proposed Swansea Tidal Lagoon

A
  1. 9.5km long
  2. 400 Gwh net annual output
  3. Electricity for 12,000 homes
  4. 50-100 year life span
  5. Generates on the flood and ebb tide for 14 hours/day
  6. Education, Sports and Art Amenity
59
Q

Give 3 facts about Tidal Lagoons in North Wales

A
  1. High Tidal Range
  2. Flood Defence Potential
  3. Electricity Grid Connection Available
60
Q

Where are the 3 potential sites for tidal stream energy in Wales?

A
  1. Bristol Channel
  2. Anglesey
  3. Pembrokeshire
61
Q

What was used to collect data in Ramsey Sound?

A

2 Side Mounted Vessel ADCPs

62
Q

What type of flow is preferred by tidal turbines?

A

Uniform Flow

Applications of Marine Science (7 decks)

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