L8 Flashcards
vasopressin function
Vasopressin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water, reducing urine output and concentrating the urine. This helps maintain body fluid balance and prevent dehydration.
which parts of the hypothalamus regulate hunger?
lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus
lateral vs ventromedial hypothalamus functions
The lateral hypothalamus primarily functions as the “feeding center,” stimulating hunger and the desire to eat, while the ventromedial hypothalamus acts as the “satiety center,” signaling fullness and stopping eating
leptin comes from [type of cell/tissue] and is a [positive or negative?] regulator of the hunger pathway
adipose tissue; negative regulator
methylation turns genes [on/off]; acetylation turns genes [on/off].
off; on
vomeronasal organ function
detects pheromones and influences social and sexual behavior
biological vs serial monogamy
Biological monogamy - individuals are genetically predisposed to mate with only one partner for life, staying with the same partner throughout their reproductive lifespan
serial monogamy - having one partner at a time, but switching partners multiple times over the course of one’s life
oxytocin and vasopressin differ in how many amino acids?
only two
did prairie or montane voles have higher densities of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors in their hypothalamus?
prairie
which type of mole was non-monogamous?
montane
Decreased blood volume resulting from water loss has two additional effects:
baroreceptors detect a decrease in blood pressure that results from decreased blood volume. so heart increases its rate and/or strength of contractions to compensate.
increased production of angiotensin II, which helps stimulate thirst, and aldosterone, which increases the reabsorption of sodium and water follows this reabsorbed sodium back into the blood
LH cells contain two peptide neurotransmitters, _____ and _____
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and Orexin
MCH/orexin neurons project to brain areas that _____
modulate metabolism
Metabolic efficiency may reflect differences in ____ and _____
Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
Uncoupling protein (UCP2) in fat cells (wastes energy as heat)
function of neuropeptide y
stimulate eating and to
reduce metabolism (energy
conservation)
Food deprivation increases NPY levels
in hypothalamus
describe the agouti mice experiment
altering the mother’s diet during pregnancy with supplements rich in methyl donors (folic acid)
researchers could alter the level of DNA methylation at the agouti gene locus, causing offspring to have a more brown coat color (less yellow) and reduced obesity risk, even though they carried the same agouti gene as their yellow-coated siblings
The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) has a critical role in modulating [male/female] sexual
behaviour in rats
female
oxytocin function
milk ejection and uterine contractions
oxytocin is synthesized in _____ and _____ hypothalamic nuclei
paraventricular and supraoptic
Oxytocin has _____ effect on behavior of montane voles
little
true or false: oxytocin promotes social behavior by reducing stress and anxiety when presented with social siutations
true
