L8

Question 1

Blood pressure calculation

Answer 1

Bp= stroke volume * heart rate * peripheral resistant
Cardiac output= stroke volume * heart rate

Question 2

Antihypertensive drug (ABCD)✅✅✅

Answer 2

Inhibitor of angiotensin
Beta blocker
Calcium channel blocker
Diuretic

Question 3

Inhibitor of angiotensin

Answer 3

Repress vasoconstriction

Minor effect of sodium water balance-) produce large amount of diluted urine
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
-) no angiotensin II conversion
E.g. lisinopril

angiotensin receptor blocker
-) block angiotensin II to bind to its receptor
-) less side effects
E.g. Losartan Vallarta’s✅✅

Question 4

Beta blocker

Answer 4

Block beta receptors
⬇️heart rate by preventing sympathetic cardiac stimulation
⬇️stroke volume by reducing cardiac muscle contractility
⬇️ peripheral resistance by prevent vasoconstriction

E.g. propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol

Question 5

Calcium channel blocker

Answer 5

Block calcium channel
⬇️muscle contraction
Cardiac muscle ⬇️ contractility
⬇️stroke volume
Smooth muscle ⬇️contractility
⬇️peripheral resistance

E.g. verapamil, dihydropyridine

Question 6

Diuretics

Answer 6

⬇️sodium & water reabsorption
⬆️ production of diluted urine
⬇️water volume
⬇️stroke volume.

Question 7

Vasodilator & treatment for angina pectoris

Answer 7

Angina pectoris: chest pain cause by accumulation of metabolites causing myocardia ischemia

Nitrate: vasodilation-) ⬆️blood flow-) ⬆️ oxygen supply
E.g. nitroglycerin

Question 8

Drug for heart failure

Answer 8

Diuretics
E.g. furosemide

Aldosterone antagonist
⬇️sodium & water absorption in kidney
E.g. spironolactone

Angiotensin blocker
Arb, Acei
Valsartan, lisinopril

Beta-blocker
Propranolol

Vasodilator
Isosorbide dinitrate

Question 9

Cardiac arrhythmias

Answer 9

Class 1 sodium channel blocker
Class 2 beta blocker
Class 3 potassium channel blocler
Class 4 calcium channel blocker

Question 10

Sodium channel blocker

Answer 10

Prolong action e.g. procainamide
Shorten action potential e.g. lodocaine
Suppress premature ventricle contraction e.g. flecainide

Question 11

Beta blocker

Answer 11

Prolong action potential
E.g. propranolol

Question 12

Beta blocker

Answer 12

Prolong action potential
E.g. propranolol

Question 13

Potassium channel blocker

Answer 13

Prolong action-potential agent
E.g. dofetilide

Question 14

Calcium channel blocker

Answer 14

Reduce ventricle contractility
E.g. verapamil

Question 15

Asthma treatment

Answer 15

Bronchodilation
Beta agonist e.g. Epinephrine

Anti-inflammation
Corticosteroid e.g. prednisone

Question 16

Prevention of asthma

Answer 16

1. Leukotriene antagonist⬇️
   Block airway response to pathogens
2. IgE antibody
   ⬇️frequency of asthma

Question 17

COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment

Answer 17

Corticosteroid
Methylxanthines

Question 18

Drug targeting urinary system

Answer 18

Diuretic agent
1. loop diuretic
Location: thick ascending limb
increase sodium, potassium, hydrogen excretion
E.g. Furosemide

Thiazide
Location: proximal of distal tubule
Increase sodium, potassium magnesium excretion
E..g diclotride

Potassium sparing
Location: collecting duct
Action ⬆️sodium excretion but keep potassium
E.g. spironolactone