L8 Flashcards
Blood pressure calculation
Bp= stroke volume * heart rate * peripheral resistant
Cardiac output= stroke volume * heart rate
Antihypertensive drug (ABCD)✅✅✅
Inhibitor of angiotensin
Beta blocker
Calcium channel blocker
Diuretic
Inhibitor of angiotensin
Repress vasoconstriction
Minor effect of sodium water balance-) produce large amount of diluted urine
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
-) no angiotensin II conversion
E.g. lisinopril
angiotensin receptor blocker
-) block angiotensin II to bind to its receptor
-) less side effects
E.g. Losartan Vallarta’s✅✅
Beta blocker
Block beta receptors
⬇️heart rate by preventing sympathetic cardiac stimulation
⬇️stroke volume by reducing cardiac muscle contractility
⬇️ peripheral resistance by prevent vasoconstriction
E.g. propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol
Calcium channel blocker
Block calcium channel
⬇️muscle contraction
Cardiac muscle ⬇️ contractility
⬇️stroke volume
Smooth muscle ⬇️contractility
⬇️peripheral resistance
E.g. verapamil, dihydropyridine
Diuretics
⬇️sodium & water reabsorption
⬆️ production of diluted urine
⬇️water volume
⬇️stroke volume.
Vasodilator & treatment for angina pectoris
Angina pectoris: chest pain cause by accumulation of metabolites causing myocardia ischemia
Nitrate: vasodilation-) ⬆️blood flow-) ⬆️ oxygen supply
E.g. nitroglycerin
Drug for heart failure
Diuretics
E.g. furosemide
Aldosterone antagonist
⬇️sodium & water absorption in kidney
E.g. spironolactone
Angiotensin blocker
Arb, Acei
Valsartan, lisinopril
Beta-blocker
Propranolol
Vasodilator
Isosorbide dinitrate
Cardiac arrhythmias
Class 1 sodium channel blocker
Class 2 beta blocker
Class 3 potassium channel blocler
Class 4 calcium channel blocker
Sodium channel blocker
Prolong action e.g. procainamide
Shorten action potential e.g. lodocaine
Suppress premature ventricle contraction e.g. flecainide
Beta blocker
Prolong action potential
E.g. propranolol
Beta blocker
Prolong action potential
E.g. propranolol
Potassium channel blocker
Prolong action-potential agent
E.g. dofetilide
Calcium channel blocker
Reduce ventricle contractility
E.g. verapamil
Asthma treatment
Bronchodilation
Beta agonist e.g. Epinephrine
Anti-inflammation
Corticosteroid e.g. prednisone
Prevention of asthma
- Leukotriene antagonist⬇️
Block airway response to pathogens - IgE antibody
⬇️frequency of asthma
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment
Corticosteroid
Methylxanthines
Drug targeting urinary system
Diuretic agent
1. loop diuretic
Location: thick ascending limb
increase sodium, potassium, hydrogen excretion
E.g. Furosemide
Thiazide
Location: proximal of distal tubule
Increase sodium, potassium magnesium excretion
E..g diclotride
Potassium sparing
Location: collecting duct
Action ⬆️sodium excretion but keep potassium
E.g. spironolactone
