L10 Flashcards

1
Q

GnRH gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist / suppressor

A

⬆️luteinizing hormone / follicle stimulating hormone

⬇️ suppress fsh / lh secretion

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2
Q

Follitropin

A

Activates fsh receptors
Treat to induce sperm/ ovum development

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3
Q

Oxytoxin
Promote labour by contracting uterus

A
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4
Q

Gonadal hormones & inhibitor

A

Estrogen
Progesterone
Relaxin

Estrogen & progesterone inhibitor
Androgen (testosterone)
Androgen suppression

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5
Q

Estrogen

A

Female sex hormone
Develop sexual character

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6
Q

Menopause

A

Stop of menstrual cycle

Significant drop in Estrogen level
Short term: hot flush, sleeplessness
Long term: osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease

Treatment: hormone replacement therapy HRT

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7
Q

Estrogen vs osteoporosis

A

Estrogen prevent parathyroid hormone resorb bones

Menopause decrease level of Estrogen

Hormone replacement therapy provide supplements Estrogen
Less bone resorption -) less osteoporosis

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8
Q

Risk of HRT

A

Uterus bleeding -) endometrium cancer

Breast cancer

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9
Q

Estrogen & progesterone inhibitor

A

Prevent breast cancer

Mifepristone-) 事後

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10
Q

Hypothyroidism treatment

A

Liothyronine T3 / levothyroxine T4
-) activate nuclear receptor
-) metabolism⬆️

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11
Q

Hyperthyroidism treatment

A

Beta blocker
⬇️metabolic rate

Radioactive iodine
Destruct thyroid cell

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12
Q

Adrenocorticosteroids & adrenocortical antagonist

A

Sufficient: assison’s disease-) weight loss, hypotension

Hyper: Cushing syndrome-) moon face, hypertension, gain weight

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13
Q

Hormone affect urine

A

Aldosterone: sodium retention
Hypotension: maintain fluid and bp

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14
Q

Type 1 dm vs type 2 dm

A

Type 1: autoimmune destructed beta cell, required insulin injection to suppress

Type 2: insulin resistant, treat with
1. Stimulate insulin release by binding to sulfonylurea receptor.
2. Reduce glucose level by action of liver, muscle or adipose emissive( metformin)

  1. Drug that affect absorption of glucose
  2. Drug that act incretic effect
  3. Sodium-glucose transport inhibitor
    Inhibit glucose reabsorption
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15
Q

Bone mineral homeostasis issues

A

Hyperphosphatemia
Treat by 1. Restrict of phosphate intake ( diet )
Calcium supplement

Hypophosphatemia

Hypercalcemia
1. Calcitonin
2. Phosphate

Hypocalcemia
1. Calcium intake
2. Vitamin D intake

Osteoporosis
1. Vitamin D
2. Biphosphonates ( suppress osteoclast ) ⬇️bone resorption ⬆️bone formation

3.minerals

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