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Poultry Medicine (Fall 2016) > L8-10 > Flashcards

L8-10 Flashcards

1
Q

Turkey coronavirus enteritis aka

A

Bluecomb disease
Mud fever
Transmissible enteritis

(A coronavirus that replicates in the cytoplasm)

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2
Q

CS of Turkey coronavirus enteritis

A
  • sudden onset depression, anorexia
  • decreased water consumption
  • watery diarrhea
  • poor growth, dec. egg prod./quality
  • high Mb, moderate Mt depending on 2ary infections
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3
Q

Trans. Of turkey coronavirus enteritis

A
  • shed in feces
  • horizontal trans. Via ingestion and fomites
  • wild birds, rodents, dogs, flies = mechanical vectors
  • beetle larvae?
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4
Q

Gross path. Of turkey coronavirus enteritis

A
  • pale and flaccid duodenum and jejunum
  • distended ceca with watery contents
  • visible wt. loss + dehydration
  • atrophied bursa of Fabricius
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5
Q

Microscopic pathology of turkey coronavirus enteritis

A

Intestines:

  • shortening of villi
  • columnar –> cuboidal epithelium
  • microvilli loss
  • lamina propria infiltrated w/ lymphocytes, heterophils

Bursa of F:

  • epithelial necrosis/hyperplasia
  • heterophilic inflamm.
  • lymphoid depletion
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6
Q

Immunity to turkey coronavirus enteritis

A
  • flocks that recover are resistant to reinfection (suggests virus only has one serotype)
  • IgA persists in intestinal secretions and bile for >6 months
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7
Q

Dx of turkey coronavirus enteritis

A
  • via inoculation of embryonated eggs
  • virus recovered from intestines and bursa of F and ID’d by PCR, EM, IF, or IP**
  • SPF chicks infected experimentally
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8
Q

Prevention and control of turkey coronavirus enteritis

A
  • biosecurity!
  • no vaccine, no specific tx
  • abx control 2ary infection only
  • increase temp of brooder house
  • avoid overcrowding
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9
Q

Avian metapneumovirus infection caused by what kind of virus

A

Paramyxovirus (ss RNA virus)

  • surface projections = key to immunity**
  • very fragile viruses - sensitive disinfectants
  • has 4 substypes A,B,C,D (differentiated by sequencing)
  • causes dz in chickens and turkeys of all ages in most countries
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10
Q

Sequelae of Avian metapneumovirus infection

A
  • Poor performance and mortality in meat turkeys and broilers
  • Poor egg prod. In breeders in layers
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11
Q

Distribution of avian metapneumovirus subtypes

A

A and B: Everywhere except USA, Australia, and NZ. Most common in Europe

C: causes dz in turkeys in the US, causes dz in ducks in France, causes dz in pheasants in S. Korea**

D: only in France

Subtypes A and B cross-protect against each other

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12
Q

Epi of Avian metapneumovirus

A
  • Turkeys = most important natural host**
  • most severe CS in young poults and broilers
  • High Mb, variable Mt
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13
Q

Trans. Of Avian metapneumovirus

A
  • Horizontal: aerosol, infected organic materials, fomites

- Vertical: no clear evidence

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14
Q

2 most important sites of virus replication of Avian metapneumovirus

A
  • respiratory tract

- repro tract

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15
Q

Pathogenesis of avian metapneumovirus: turkeys vs. chickens

A

Turkeys: short incubation, rapid spread
Chickens: may be asymptomatic, or may present with “swollen head syndrome” char. By swollen infraorbital sinuses, submandibular swelling

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16
Q

CS of avian metapneumovirus

A

Resp. Signs: young chickens and turkey poults are depressed, frequently huddle, gasping, coughing, tracheal rales, nasal/ocular discharge

Drop in egg prod.

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17
Q

Lesions of avian metapneumovirus: turkeys vs. chickens

A

Turkeys:

  • watery to mucous exudates in turbinates
  • excess mucous in trachea
  • peritonitis, fluid yolk material in abd.
  • foamy/frothy eye
  • pneumonia, air sacculitis, pericarditis, perihepatitis if 2ary infections

Chickens:

  • Swollen head syndrome
  • bad yellow gelatinous/purulent edema under skin of head, neck, and wattles
  • eyelids may be swollen shut
18
Q

Ddx of avian metapneumovirus

A
  • NCD
  • Infectious coryza
  • Infectious bronchitis

CS indicative, but not definitive

19
Q

Dx of avian metapneumovirus

A
  • detect viral RNA using RT-PCR
  • Ag detection (IF, IHC, EM)
  • Ab detection (virus neutralization, ELISA**)
  • virus isolation: tracheal ring cultures, yolk sac of SPF eggs
20
Q

Vaccination for avian metapneumovirus

A
  • vax broilers and young turkeys w/ live-attenuated

- vax breeders and layers w/live-attenuated as a primer at 2-4 wks, then inactivated vax as adults

21
Q

Cause of avian lymphoid leukosis

A
  • exogenous RNA tumor viruses (oncoviruses)

- Endogenous leukosis viruses not known to be oncogenic

22
Q

Trans. Of avian lymphoid leukosis virus

A

Exogenous viruses:
-VERTICAL TRANSMISSION** from hen to chicks through the egg. Chicks hatch viremic and shed virus in saliva and feces –> HORIZONTAL transmission

Endogenous viruses:
-trans. Genetically by rooster and hen. Not oncogenic

23
Q

Pathogenesis of avian lymphoid leukosis

A

Target organ = bursa of fabricius**

Transformation of lymphoid cells (B-cell precursors**) in follicle within bursa of F –> origination of tumors

Gross tumors found after 16 wks old

NO NERVE INVOLVEMENT (differentiates LL from Marek’s disease!**)

24
Q

See pic “tumors caused by replication-competent avian retroviruses”

A

:)

25
Q

See pic “tumors caused by replication-defective avian retroviruses”

A

:)

26
Q

Renal tumors target what cells and cause what lesion?

A

Renal cells –> nephroblastomas

27
Q

Osteopetrosis targets what cells and causes what lesion?

A

Osteoclasts/osteoblasts –> thickened long bones

28
Q

Lymphoid leukosis targets what cells and causes what lesion?

A

B cells in bursa of F –> solid tumors of malignant lymphoblasts

-can have tumors in liver, kidneys, spleen, viscera, ovaries, etc.

29
Q

Erythroblastosis targets what cells and causes what lesion?

A

Erythroblasts –> anemia, LIV/SP/KID enlargement and congestion

30
Q

Myeloblastosis targets what cells and causes what lesion?

A

Myeloblasts –> anemia/leukemia

31
Q

Myelocytomatosis targets what cells and causes what lesion?

A

Myelocyte –> sarcomas

32
Q

Hemangioma targets what cells and causes what lesion?

A

Capillary endothelium –> hemangioma

33
Q

Sarcomas targets what cells and causes what lesion?

A

Various mesenchymal cells –> sarcoma

34
Q

Frank leukemia is commonly/seldom observed with avian LL?

A

Seldom

35
Q

When infected with avian LL, transformed lymphoblasts secrete large amounts of what Ab?**

A

IgM (NOT IgY or IgA) - there is never a switch

36
Q

Malignant lymphoblasts in tumors caused by avian LL express what markers?**

A

B lymphocyte markers

37
Q

Prevention of tumor development 2ary to avian LL

A

Bursectomy up to 10-12 wks of age

38
Q

Dx of lymphoid leukosis

A

-tumor cells are of bursa of F origin with B cell surface markers which can be ID’d with an antiserum

  • PCR
  • absence of Marek’s MEQ gene
39
Q

How does the microscopic pathology of lymphoid leukosis compare to marek’s dz?**

A

Tumor cells of LL are of homogenous size and shape**

40
Q

Control of avian LL**

A
  • eradication of exogenous LLVs from breeders or genetic stock
  • NO vaccine available
  • biosecurity to avoid introduction!
41
Q

Leukosis J virus emerged by recombination between exogenous and endogenous viruses and induces:**

A

Myelocytomas

Poultry Medicine (Fall 2016) (12 decks)

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