L22-23

Question 1

Avian clostridial diseases and agents

Answer 1

Botulism (Cl. Botulinum)
Ulcerative enteritis (Cl. Colinum)
Necrotic enteritis (Cl. Perfringens)
Necrotic/gangrenous dermatitis (Cl. Perfringens)
Wound infections (Cl. Spp.)

Question 2

Botulism aka

Answer 2

Limber neck

Western duck sickness

Question 3

Cycle of botulism in ducks

Answer 3

1) decayed vegetation in shallow lakes creates anaerobic env.
2) botulinum exotoxin kills larvae, which are eaten by ducks
3) toxin kills ducks
4) biting flies feed on dead ducks, flies die
5) flies eaten by ducks, ducks die again
6) cycle starts over

*cycle similar in chickens (they eat chicken carcasses that have infected maggots in them)

Question 4

Type C botulism toxin is produced where?

Answer 4

In live intestine

Question 5

CS of botulism in poultry

Answer 5

• complete neck and wing paralysis
• head on ground, neck extended
• loose feathers
• signs begin 1-2 days after ingestion of toxin
• mild cases may survive (char. By progressive mild paralysis/weakness)

Question 6

Dx of botulism

Answer 6

• CS, Hx of outbreak
• evidence of toxin via serum inoculation of mice or feeding mice crop and intestines of dead birds
• isolation of C. Botulinum or toxin in feces, wound, tissue

Question 7

Tx of botulism**

Answer 7

• antitoxin not effective in commercial poultry
• epson salts in feed
• molasses in water
• bacitracin and selenium sometimes help

Question 8

Prevention of botulism

Answer 8

• feed fresh ration
• remove all dead birds
• vax valuable birds with type A and C toxoid
• abx in feed?
• litter clean and dry
• acidify soil/litter with sulphur

Question 9

Ulcerative enteritis cause

Answer 9

Clostridium colinum

Question 10

Ulcerative enteritis is primarily a disease of?

Answer 10

Quails (young chickens too)

Question 11

Mt of Ulcerative enteritis in quail

Answer 11

Up to 100% Mt

Question 12

Lesions caused by Ulcerative enteritis

Answer 12

• caseous plugs in intestine
• massive necrosis in liver and spleen
• watery to bloody diarrhea

Question 13

control of necrotic enteritis caused by clostridium perfringens

Answer 13

• sanitation/disinfection
• raise backyard birds on wire cages
• control Gumboro, chicken infectious anemia, coccidiosis

Question 14

Tx of necrotic enteritis (Clostridium perfringens)

Answer 14

Abx: bacitracin, lincomycin, penicillin, tetracycline

Question 15

Gangrenous dermatitis cause

Answer 15

Clostridium perfringens type A and C
Staph aureus
E. Coli

Question 16

Pathophys. Of Gangrenous dermatitis

Answer 16

Invades traumatized skin and occurs in immunosuppressed birds

Question 17

Cause of colibacillosis

Answer 17

E. Coli

Involved in chronic respiratory disease (CRD) complex
Usually opportunistic only
Has many serotypes with little cross-protection

Question 18

Colibacillosis mainly occurs as:

Answer 18

• acute fatal septicemia
• sub-acute pericarditis
• airsacculitis
• cellulitis

Question 19

Trans. Of Colibacillosis

Answer 19

• bacteria shed in feces, eggs
• transovarian infection
• egg shell penetrated in env.
• bacteria enter bloodstream from resp. Or intestinal tracts

Question 20

Predisposing factors for systemic E. Coli outbreaks

Answer 20

• mycoplasmoses
• infectious bronchitis
• NCD
• hemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys
• bordetella in turkeys
• env. Factors: high ammonia lvls, too hot or too cold poultry env, high humidity, poor air quality, insects, etc.

Question 21

Disease syndromes caused by colibacillosis

Answer 21

• omphalitis
• peritonitis
• resp. Dz complex
• arthritis/synovitis
• enteritis, salpingitis, metritis, cellulitis
• Coligranuloma or Hjarre’s disease (acute septicemia and sudden death)

Question 22

Colibacillosis = very common cause of secondary bacterial infection**

Answer 22

:)

Question 23

Dx of colibacillosis

Answer 23

Bacterial culture and typing
Strict sanitation
Control other dzs
Abx added to water