L2: Immune Response In Chickens (Romero)

Question 1

See page 1-2 diagrams

Answer 1

Poultry have local immunity in the head, respiratory tract, repro tract, and digestive tract. They also have cell-mediated and humoral immunity.

Question 2

3 main goals of vaccination

Answer 2

Resistance to infection
Reduction of shedding
Clinical protection

Question 3

Factors that affect poultry response to vaccination

Answer 3

• Age
• Parental immunity
• Nutrition
• Parasitism
• sanitation

Question 4

Should always “prime” with live-virus vaccines and “boost” with inactivated-virus vaccine 2-3 weeks before onset of production***

Answer 4

:)

Question 5

Newcastle dz - Infectious Bronchitis (ND-IB) combined vaccine protects for how long?

Answer 5

3 months

Question 6

When should you vaccinate for LT?

Answer 6

Only if hx of disease. Vaccine can halt outbreak

Question 7

When should you test for AE immunity?

Answer 7

In embryos

Question 8

Should FP vaccinated baby chicks be revaccinated?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

When should sick birds be vaccinated?

Answer 9

Only if they have FP or LT

Question 10

Types of vax used by poultry industry

Answer 10

In water
Spray
Eye drop
Wing web
Parenteral (IM or SC)
In ovo (at 18 days of embryonation in amniotic cavity)

Question 11

Which vaccine can be “zoonotic”?

Answer 11

Live NCD vaccine can cause conjunctivitis in humans if eye is accidentally infected; may cause anaphylactic (type I hypersensitivity) rxn

Question 12

Tips for vax via drinking water

Answer 12

• use COLD, contaminant-free water
• don’t vax sick birds
• hold water 1-2 hours before vaccination
• very economical; mass vaccination without stress
• add skim milk powder to the water

Question 13

Tips for spray vaccination of poultry

Answer 13

• particle size must not be too small or will go into low resp. Tract
• handle live vax rapidly (inactivated by heat)

Question 14

Tips for wing-web vax

Answer 14

• only use for potentially aggressive vaccines (avian encephalomyelitis, avian pox, fowl cholera)
• must not be introduced into bone, muscle, or blood

Question 15

Administration of inactivated vaccines and bacterins

Answer 15

IM or SC

• requires individual bird handling
• best for birds primed with live vaccines
• can cause swelling at injection site in humans

Question 16

Which diseases does maternal immunity give STRONG protection against?

Answer 16

Gumboro disease (IBD)
NCD
Reovirus infection
Encephalomyelitis

Question 17

Which diseases does maternal immunity give POOR protection against?

Answer 17

Infectious bronchitis
Laryngotracheitis
Fowl pox

Question 18

Which diseases does maternal immunity give NO protection against?

Answer 18

Mycoplasmosis

Question 19

Fowl Pox vaccination guidelines (for broilers)

Answer 19

• use when FPV challenge is high (heavily infested with blood sucking insects)
• only need one vaccine in adult birds
• if also vax for Marek’s dz simultaneously, may result in poor Marek’s immunity. Should use FP vaccination for day old chicks in this case.

Question 20

ILT vax guidelines (for layer/breeders)

Answer 20

• 2 vaccines usually needed (1st in eye or water at 10 days, then again at least 4 wks before onset of egg production)
• can vaccinate during clinical outbreak**
• eye vax preferred

Question 21

Precautions when vaccinating against ILT

Answer 21

• ILT vax in spray or drinking water may cause postvaccination rxns
• don’t vaccinate birds infected with mycoplasma or other resp. Agent
• hold other live virus vaccination for 10 days
• can cause latency and shed (usually regulated)*

Question 22

Multivalent vector vaccine inserts 2 pathogen antigens into one vector

Answer 22

:)

Question 23

Today, IBD, ND, and MD are all protected for in one hatchery administration of vaccine!

Answer 23

:)