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Bio10 Unit 1 > L7.3 - The Bones of Skeleton > Flashcards

L7.3 - The Bones of Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Skeleton

A

The primary system of organs responsible for providing a supportive internal framework for the body consisting of some 206 individual bones

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2
Q

Skull

A

A semi-spherical structure consisting of several fused bones that surround and protect the brain, support the mouth & nasal passages, and support major sensory organs such as the ears and eyes - 22 fused bones make up the structure of the face and braincase

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3
Q

Neurocranium

A

The brain case - consists of eight fused bones

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4
Q

Viscerocranium

A

The facial bones - consists of 14 fused bones

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5
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw

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6
Q

Ossicles

A

Ear bones, three in each ear that articulate and move to transfer and amplify the passage of sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear - the smallest bones in the human skeleton

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7
Q

Spine

A

AKA spinal column or vertebral column, a stack of 33 individual bones that provides the primary vertical support for the human body

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8
Q

Vertebra

A

An individual bone of the spinal column

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9
Q

Body

A

The large, round, weight bearing portion of the bone consisting of both cortical and cancellous bone

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10
Q

Vertebral Foramen

A

Opening behind the body through which the spinal cord passes through

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11
Q

Transverse processes

A

Projections of bone that extend laterally that provide attachment points for muscles, ligaments, and the ribs

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12
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

T1-T12, the 12 articulated vertebrae between the neck and lower back. Supports the bones and muscles of the upper back, chest, rib cage, and pectoral girdle

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13
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A

L1-L5, the five large articulated bones of the lower back (lumbar region) that primarily transfer vertical load forces from the upper body to the bones and the muscles of the pelvic girdle and legs

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14
Q

Clavicle

A

AKA collar bone, a strut that forms the only rigid connection between the shoulder joint and the rest of the skeleton

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15
Q

Scapula

A

AKA shoulder blade, a flat bone that “floats” on top of the back of the shoulder that forms the shoulder joint

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16
Q

Humerus

A

Upper arm bone

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17
Q

Radius

A

Outer long bone of the lower arm, rotates around the ulna to allow for supination and pronation of wrist & hand

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18
Q

Ulna

A

Elbow bone, the inner long bone of the lower arm and the non-rotating bone of the lower arm

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19
Q

Manus

A

Latin word for hand

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20
Q

Carpals

A

Eight wrist bones between the lower arm bones and the palmar bones

21
Q

Metacarpals

A

Five palmar bones that are numbered I through V from thumb side to pinky side

22
Q

Phalanges

A

Finger bones

23
Q

Rib cage

A

Bony and cartilaginous structure that provides that primary structural support for the organs of the thoracic cavity and the muscles that enable breathing

24
Q

Ribs

A

Flattened, curved struts that connect the spine to the sternum

25
Q

Ilium

A

Hip bone

26
Q

Ischium

A

Lower bone of the pelvis

27
Q

Pubis

A

Forms the front of the pelvis and is the upper third of the hip socket

28
Q

Sacrum

A

Large, triangular shaped bone joint by left and right ilium together

29
Q

Coccyx

A

Tail bone

30
Q

Femur

A

Thigh bone, the large bone in the upper leg

31
Q

Patella

A

Kneecap

32
Q

Tibia

A

Shin bone

33
Q

Fibula

A

Calf bone

34
Q

Pes

A

Latin word for “foot”

35
Q

Metatarsals

A

Plantar bones

36
Q

Phalanges

A

Toe bones

37
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable or fused joints

38
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly movable joints (joints between each vertebra)

39
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely movable joints

40
Q

Pivot joints

A

Allows for rotation

41
Q

Hinge joints

A

Joints that open and close like a book or door

42
Q

Saddle joints

A

A “Hinge joint” that has the normal plane of motion

43
Q

Plane Joints

A

Joints between two flat surfaces that allow them to slide across each other

44
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

Joints that have a 360 degree or near 360 degree range of motion

45
Q

Condyloid joint

A

Joints have both a rotating and hinging range of motion

46
Q

Ligament

A

Band of flexible, inelastic connective tissue that connect the bones of the joint to each other

47
Q

Tendons

A

Band of flexible, inelastic connective tissue that secure muscles to the bones

48
Q

Cartilage

A

A rubbery, semirigid tissue consisting of chondrocytes suspended within a proteinaceous matrix

49
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Cells that build and maintain cartilage by secreting a proteinaceous matrix

Bio10 Unit 1 (8 decks)

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