Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1. D2: Exercise and performance > L7. Exercise and metabolic control in type II diabetes > Flashcards

L7. Exercise and metabolic control in type II diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary role of exercise in type 2 diabetes management?

A

To improve glycemic control and reduce insulin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is insulin resistance?

A

Reduced glucose uptake in response to insulin, common in type 2 diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does insulin facilitate glucose uptake in muscle?

A

By phosphorylating Akt and TBC1D4, allowing GLUT-4 translocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What role does GLUT-4 play in glucose regulation?

A

It transports glucose into muscle cells from the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does exercise promote glucose uptake independently of insulin?

A

Through AMPK activation, which increases GLUT-4 translocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the primary molecular adaptation in muscles after regular exercise?

A

Increased mitochondrial biogenesis and GLUT-4 content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the gold standard for measuring insulin sensitivity?

A

The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does resistance training improve glycemic control?

A

By increasing muscle mass and glycogen storage capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is high-intensity interval training (HIIT) effective for diabetes management?

A

It improves insulin sensitivity with a reduced time commitment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the effect of exercise on fasting plasma glucose?

A

It reduces fasting glucose levels by increasing insulin sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does skeletal muscle respond to a single bout of exercise?

A

With increased glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to glucose metabolism during high-intensity exercise?

A

Splanchnic glucose production increases to meet muscular demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the relationship between sedentary behavior and type 2 diabetes?

A

Increased sedentary behavior elevates the risk of developing type 2 diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the ADA recommendations for aerobic exercise in diabetes?

A

At least 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity per week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the effect of muscle contractions on glucose uptake?

A

They amplify glucose uptake independent of insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is glucose uptake impaired in insulin-resistant individuals?

A

Due to increased serine phosphorylation of IRS-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the long-term benefits of combining aerobic and resistance training?

A

Enhanced glycemic control and improved cardiovascular health

18
Q

How does exercise prevent fatty liver in type 2 diabetes?

A

By reducing de novo lipogenesis and hepatic triglyceride content

19
Q

What role does AMPK play in exercise-mediated glucose uptake?

A

It activates GLUT-4 translocation to facilitate glucose entry into cells

20
Q

What is a common molecular defect in type 2 diabetic muscle?

A

Impaired phosphorylation of TBC1D4 by insulin signaling pathways

21
Q

How can high-intensity exercise reduce postprandial hyperglycemia?

A

By improving glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis

22
Q

What is the impact of exercise timing on glycemic control?

A

Exercise after meals improves postprandial glucose regulation

23
Q

What is the relationship between physical activity and HbA1c levels?

A

Regular physical activity reduces HbA1c levels significantly

24
Q

What is the effect of exercise on mitochondrial function in type 2 diabetes?

A

It enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic flexibility

25
Q

Why is resistance training important for older adults with diabetes?

A

It prevents sarcopenia and improves glucose disposal capacity

26
Q

What adaptations occur in skeletal muscle with exercise training?

A

Increased GLUT-4 content, capillary density, and enzyme activity

27
Q

What is the additive effect of combining insulin and exercise?

A

Increased phosphorylation of TBC1D4 and enhanced glucose uptake

28
Q

What is the relationship between muscle mass and glucose metabolism?

A

Greater muscle mass correlates with improved glucose disposal

29
Q

What is the role of aerobic exercise in cardiovascular health for diabetics?

A

It reduces cardiovascular risk factors and improves lipid profiles

30
Q

How does exercise intensity affect glucose uptake?

A

Higher intensities increase glucose uptake but may elevate plasma glucose

31
Q

What is the significance of breaking up sedentary behavior in diabetes?

A

It improves glycemic control and reduces cardiovascular risk

32
Q

How long do the benefits of a single exercise bout last in diabetics?

A

Up to 48-72 hours for improved insulin sensitivity

33
Q

What is the impact of prolonged inactivity on exercise adaptations?

A

Exercise-induced adaptations can be lost within 14 days of bedrest

34
Q

How does type 2 diabetes accelerate biological aging?

A

It reduces muscle mass and metabolic flexibility, worsening glycemic control

35
Q

What is the effect of exercise on toxic lipid intermediates?

A

It reduces their accumulation, improving insulin sensitivity

36
Q

Why is physical activity cost-effective for diabetes management?

A

It reduces medication reliance and healthcare costs

37
Q

What is the impact of exercise on inflammatory markers in diabetes?

A

It decreases inflammation, enhancing insulin signaling pathways

38
Q

What molecular adaptations are triggered by resistance training?

A

Improved TBC1D4 phosphorylation and glycogen synthesis

39
Q

What is the relationship between AMPK and ATP turnover during exercise?

A

AMPK activation increases ATP regeneration for muscle contractions

40
Q

How does exercise improve metabolic flexibility in diabetics?

A

It enhances the ability to switch between fuel sources based on demand

1. D2: Exercise and performance (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions