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omopor > L7: developmental conditions pt 1 > Flashcards

L7: developmental conditions pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

features of retrocuspid papillae

  • is it unilateral or bilateral
  • symptomatic?
  • how big
  • moderately ___
  • ____- surfaced
  • sessile or pedunculated
  • what shape
  • what colour
A
  • usually bilateral
  • asymptomatic
  • small (2-3mm)
  • moderately firm
  • smooth-surfaced
  • sessile
  • round
  • pink (normal gingiva colour) to red papule
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2
Q

where are retrocuspid papillae located

A

located on the attached lingual gingiva of mandibular canine

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3
Q

how to dx retrocuspid papillae and what is the treatment

A

dx is usually clinical,
no tx needed as it resolves spontaneously with age

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4
Q

what are the features of fordyce granules

A

sebaceous glands that present as multiple, small, yellow, papules

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5
Q

location of fordyce granules

where is the most common?

A

most common on buccal mucosal and lateral portion of the vermillion border of the upper lip

other locations:
- retromolar areas
- anterior tonsillar pillar

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6
Q

who are fordyce granules more commonly seen in

A

seen more commonly in adults even though they are considered developmentl

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7
Q

how to dx and tx fordyce granules

A
  • clinical dx
    no tx
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8
Q

what are the 3 types of developmental oral cyst of the newborn

A
  • Bohn nodules
  • epstein pearls
  • dental lamina cysts
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9
Q

where are Bohn nodules found in the mouth, and what is the origin?

A

Location: junction of the hard and soft palate or on the vestibular region (rare)

Origin: epithelial remnants of minor salivary glands

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10
Q

where are Epstein pearls found in the mouth, and what is the origin?

A

location: mid palatal raphe

origin: epithelium entrapment between the palatal shelves

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11
Q

where are dental lamina cysts found in the mouth, and what is the origin?

is there tx?

A

location: crest of the alveolar ridge

origin: odontogenic in origin and arise from the cell rests of Serres

no tx needed, spontaneously resolve

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12
Q

what are eruption cysts and their origin

soft tissue variant of _______

origin: develop from the _____ of the ______ from the crown of the tooth

A

soft tissue variant of dentigerous cyst

origin: develop from the separation of the reduced enamel epithelium from the crown of the tooth

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13
Q

appearance of eruption cyst

  • hard or soft?
  • fluctuant or rigid?
  • sessile or pedunculated?
  • shape
  • translucent swelling overlying ____
  • swelling may appear ________ when it is filled with ____
A
  • soft
  • fluctuant
  • sessile
  • dome shaped
  • translucent swelling overlying erupting tooth
  • swelling may appear blue/ blue black when it is filled with blood
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14
Q

how to diagnose eruption cyst

A
  • clinical
  • radiographs are generally not needed because its in soft tissue
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15
Q

what is the tx of eruption cyst

  • if px is pain, do what?
  • the thing naturally marsupializes as _________?
  • symptomatic tx: ______
A
  • if px is pain, can cut a slit to relieve pressure, let fluid come out
  • the thing naturally marsupializes as the tooth erupts through the gingiva
  • symptomatic tx: simple removal of roof of cyst
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16
Q

what is the other name of congenital granular cell tumour

A

congenital epulis

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17
Q

congenital epulis affects which age group, which sex?

A
  • newborns (0.0006%) very rare
  • 8-10 more common in females
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18
Q

features of congenital epulis

  • single or multiple
  • firm or soft
  • ____ surfaced
  • sessile or pedunculated
  • shape?
  • colour?
A
  • single
  • firm
  • smooth surfaced
  • can be sessile or pedunculated
  • round
  • mucosa coloured
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19
Q

where is the most common location for congenital epulis

A

anterior maxillary alveolar ridge

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20
Q

how to diagnose congenital epulis?

A
  • clinical appearance
  • histology
    resembles granular cell tumour but does not display a strong reactivity to s100 protein
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21
Q

what histo resembles granular cell tumour but dont display a strong reactivity to s100 protein

A

congenital epulis

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22
Q

what is the tx for congenital epulis

A

surgical excision
reccurence is unlikely even when the removal is incomplete

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23
Q

what age group does melanotic neuroectodermal tumour affect?

A

usually in children 1 year or less

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24
Q

what developmental defect is described as hard but brittle like an eggshell, if you press very hard it will crack

A

melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy

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25
Q

origin of melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy

A

neural crest origin

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26
Q

appearance of melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy

  • painless or painful
  • ulcerative or not?
  • firm or soft
  • smooth or rough?
  • _____ swelling on the _____________ ridge
A
  • painless
  • non ulcerative
  • firm
  • smooth surfaced
  • sessile swelling on the anterior maxillary alveolar ridge
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27
Q

how to diagnose melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy

A
  • clinical presentation
  • high urinary vanillylmandelic acid
  • histology
28
Q

what defect will result in high urinary vanillylmandelic acid

A

melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy

29
Q

how to treat melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy

A
  • surgery intervention
  • recurrence 10-60%
    need to take out as it is very disruptive and blocks airway
30
Q

what are the 2 types of vascular abnormalities

A
  • vascular tumours = true neoplasms of endothelial cells (overgrowth problem, endothelial cells are growing)
  • vascular malformations = abnormalities of the vessel structure ( structural problem)
31
Q

what defect gives sunburst look

A

arteriovenous malformation

32
Q

what is an oral sign of AV malformation

A

losing teeth
very severe, can see in the late stage

33
Q

what happens in AV malformation

A

blood passes quickly from artery to vein, bypassing the normal capillary network

34
Q

what is lymphagioma

A

vascular malformation in lymph vessles
not a vascular tumour

35
Q

what is ankyloglossia

A

short lingual frenum or a frenum attachment at or near the tongue tip resulting in restricted tongue movement

36
Q

ankyglossia is associated with ____ difficulty

A

breastfeeding

37
Q

how to dx and tx ankyloglossia?

A
  • clinical diagnosis
  • tx = frenotomy
38
Q

how does cleft palate form

A

due to failure of palatal shelves to fuse

39
Q

risk factors of cleft palate

A

maternal risk factors eg ETOH and tobocco use, stress, meds

40
Q

what type of syndromes are cleft lip associated with

A

Van der woude syndrome
Treacher collins syndrome

41
Q

tx of cleft lip and palate

A
  • feeding and airway management
  • surgical repair of lip and palate at 3 and 6 months of age
  • future needs: speech therapy, orthodontic therapy, additional surgery
42
Q

Paramedian lip pits is associated with ____ syndrome, which is associated with what other defect?

A
  • van der woude syndrome
  • associated with cleft palate too
43
Q

the white border seen in geographical tongue is because of ____

A

keratin

44
Q

the white patch in leukoedema is because each cell ____

A

is water logged and edematous so when we stretch then water get spaced out, so the white disappears too

45
Q

what is the cause of leukoedema

A

unknown

46
Q

features of leukoedema
- colour
- can be wiped off?

A
  • diffuse, grayish whitish milk appearance of mucosa
  • do not rub off but disappears on stretching the mucosa
47
Q

location of leukoedema?

A

bilateral buccal mucosa
rarely on floor of mouth

48
Q

how to dx leukoedema

A

clinical

49
Q

what is the histo of leukoedema

A

increase in epithelium thickness with striking intracellular edema of the spinous layer

50
Q

what is tx for leukoedemea

A

no tx needed as it is a benign condition

51
Q

where can racial pigmentation be seen in the oral cavity

A
  • attached gingiva most common location
  • also observed on the tip of the fungiform papillae
52
Q

what is another name for ephelis , and when does it appear

A

freckles, first decade of life

53
Q

features of ephelis (freckles)
- size
- colour
- what sort of lesion eg papule, blister
- ______ borders on sun exposed skin that ____ with sunlight

A
  • 1-3mm uniformly
  • tan/ brown colour
  • macule
  • regularly defined borders on sun exposed skin that darkens with sunlight
54
Q

what is ephelis caused by?

A

caused by an increase production/ deposition of melanin witout increasae in melanocyte

55
Q

features of cafe au lait pigmentation

  • borders?
  • colour?
  • what kind of lesion eg papule, blister
  • size ?
  • location
A
  • well circumscribed
  • uniformly light to dark brown macules that are typically 2 to 3 shades darker than normal skin colour
  • size vary from a few mm to > 10cm
  • can occur anywhere on body
56
Q

what are genodermatoses

A

inherited skin disorders

57
Q

what is an inherited systemic condition that leads to ulceration in oral cavity

A

epidermolysis bullosa
collagen defect, affects teeth because teeth got collagen

58
Q

what are 2 inherited systemic conditions that lead to lumps and bumps in oral cavity

A

1) multiple neuroendocrine neoplasia type 2B (i/o neuromas)

2) neurofibromatosis type 1 (i/o neurofibromas)

59
Q

what systemic condition causes the patient to be very prone to thyroid cancer, almost 100%?

A

multiple neuroendocrine neoplasia type 2b (i/o neuromas)

60
Q

what 3 systemic diseases may cause cafe au lait pigmentation

A

1) Peutz Jeghers disease
2) Neurofibromatosis type 1
3) McCune Albright syndrome

61
Q

what type of presentation can neurofibromatosis type 1 cause in the oral cavity

A

1) Lumps and Bumps
2) Cafe au lait pigmentation

62
Q

what systemic condition is associated with cafe au lait pigmentation and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

A

McCune albright syndrome

63
Q

what kind of disease is Sturge weber syndrome?

A

venous malformation

64
Q

where is lateral periodontal cyst commonly found?

A

80% occur in mandibular premolar-canine-lateral incisor area

65
Q

where does lateral periodontal cyst originate from

A

rests of dental lamina

66
Q

how to dx lateral periodontal cyst

A

radiographic finding

67
Q

what is the tx for lateral perio cyst

A

conservative enucleation (aka take out the cyst)

omopor (11 decks)

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