L7: developmental conditions pt 1 Flashcards
features of retrocuspid papillae
- is it unilateral or bilateral
- symptomatic?
- how big
- moderately ___
- ____- surfaced
- sessile or pedunculated
- what shape
- what colour
- usually bilateral
- asymptomatic
- small (2-3mm)
- moderately firm
- smooth-surfaced
- sessile
- round
- pink (normal gingiva colour) to red papule
where are retrocuspid papillae located
located on the attached lingual gingiva of mandibular canine
how to dx retrocuspid papillae and what is the treatment
dx is usually clinical,
no tx needed as it resolves spontaneously with age
what are the features of fordyce granules
sebaceous glands that present as multiple, small, yellow, papules
location of fordyce granules
where is the most common?
most common on buccal mucosal and lateral portion of the vermillion border of the upper lip
other locations:
- retromolar areas
- anterior tonsillar pillar
who are fordyce granules more commonly seen in
seen more commonly in adults even though they are considered developmentl
how to dx and tx fordyce granules
- clinical dx
no tx
what are the 3 types of developmental oral cyst of the newborn
- Bohn nodules
- epstein pearls
- dental lamina cysts
where are Bohn nodules found in the mouth, and what is the origin?
Location: junction of the hard and soft palate or on the vestibular region (rare)
Origin: epithelial remnants of minor salivary glands
where are Epstein pearls found in the mouth, and what is the origin?
location: mid palatal raphe
origin: epithelium entrapment between the palatal shelves
where are dental lamina cysts found in the mouth, and what is the origin?
is there tx?
location: crest of the alveolar ridge
origin: odontogenic in origin and arise from the cell rests of Serres
no tx needed, spontaneously resolve
what are eruption cysts and their origin
soft tissue variant of _______
origin: develop from the _____ of the ______ from the crown of the tooth
soft tissue variant of dentigerous cyst
origin: develop from the separation of the reduced enamel epithelium from the crown of the tooth
appearance of eruption cyst
- hard or soft?
- fluctuant or rigid?
- sessile or pedunculated?
- shape
- translucent swelling overlying ____
- swelling may appear ________ when it is filled with ____
- soft
- fluctuant
- sessile
- dome shaped
- translucent swelling overlying erupting tooth
- swelling may appear blue/ blue black when it is filled with blood
how to diagnose eruption cyst
- clinical
- radiographs are generally not needed because its in soft tissue
what is the tx of eruption cyst
- if px is pain, do what?
- the thing naturally marsupializes as _________?
- symptomatic tx: ______
- if px is pain, can cut a slit to relieve pressure, let fluid come out
- the thing naturally marsupializes as the tooth erupts through the gingiva
- symptomatic tx: simple removal of roof of cyst
what is the other name of congenital granular cell tumour
congenital epulis
congenital epulis affects which age group, which sex?
- newborns (0.0006%) very rare
- 8-10 more common in females
features of congenital epulis
- single or multiple
- firm or soft
- ____ surfaced
- sessile or pedunculated
- shape?
- colour?
- single
- firm
- smooth surfaced
- can be sessile or pedunculated
- round
- mucosa coloured
where is the most common location for congenital epulis
anterior maxillary alveolar ridge
how to diagnose congenital epulis?
- clinical appearance
- histology
resembles granular cell tumour but does not display a strong reactivity to s100 protein
what histo resembles granular cell tumour but dont display a strong reactivity to s100 protein
congenital epulis
what is the tx for congenital epulis
surgical excision
reccurence is unlikely even when the removal is incomplete
what age group does melanotic neuroectodermal tumour affect?
usually in children 1 year or less
what developmental defect is described as hard but brittle like an eggshell, if you press very hard it will crack
melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy
origin of melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy
neural crest origin
appearance of melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy
- painless or painful
- ulcerative or not?
- firm or soft
- smooth or rough?
- _____ swelling on the _____________ ridge
- painless
- non ulcerative
- firm
- smooth surfaced
- sessile swelling on the anterior maxillary alveolar ridge
how to diagnose melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy
- clinical presentation
- high urinary vanillylmandelic acid
- histology
what defect will result in high urinary vanillylmandelic acid
melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy
how to treat melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy
- surgery intervention
- recurrence 10-60%
need to take out as it is very disruptive and blocks airway
what are the 2 types of vascular abnormalities
- vascular tumours = true neoplasms of endothelial cells (overgrowth problem, endothelial cells are growing)
- vascular malformations = abnormalities of the vessel structure ( structural problem)
what defect gives sunburst look
arteriovenous malformation
what is an oral sign of AV malformation
losing teeth
very severe, can see in the late stage
what happens in AV malformation
blood passes quickly from artery to vein, bypassing the normal capillary network
what is lymphagioma
vascular malformation in lymph vessles
not a vascular tumour
what is ankyloglossia
short lingual frenum or a frenum attachment at or near the tongue tip resulting in restricted tongue movement
ankyglossia is associated with ____ difficulty
breastfeeding
how to dx and tx ankyloglossia?
- clinical diagnosis
- tx = frenotomy
how does cleft palate form
due to failure of palatal shelves to fuse
risk factors of cleft palate
maternal risk factors eg ETOH and tobocco use, stress, meds
what type of syndromes are cleft lip associated with
Van der woude syndrome
Treacher collins syndrome
tx of cleft lip and palate
- feeding and airway management
- surgical repair of lip and palate at 3 and 6 months of age
- future needs: speech therapy, orthodontic therapy, additional surgery
Paramedian lip pits is associated with ____ syndrome, which is associated with what other defect?
- van der woude syndrome
- associated with cleft palate too
the white border seen in geographical tongue is because of ____
keratin
the white patch in leukoedema is because each cell ____
is water logged and edematous so when we stretch then water get spaced out, so the white disappears too
what is the cause of leukoedema
unknown
features of leukoedema
- colour
- can be wiped off?
- diffuse, grayish whitish milk appearance of mucosa
- do not rub off but disappears on stretching the mucosa
location of leukoedema?
bilateral buccal mucosa
rarely on floor of mouth
how to dx leukoedema
clinical
what is the histo of leukoedema
increase in epithelium thickness with striking intracellular edema of the spinous layer
what is tx for leukoedemea
no tx needed as it is a benign condition
where can racial pigmentation be seen in the oral cavity
- attached gingiva most common location
- also observed on the tip of the fungiform papillae
what is another name for ephelis , and when does it appear
freckles, first decade of life
features of ephelis (freckles)
- size
- colour
- what sort of lesion eg papule, blister
- ______ borders on sun exposed skin that ____ with sunlight
- 1-3mm uniformly
- tan/ brown colour
- macule
- regularly defined borders on sun exposed skin that darkens with sunlight
what is ephelis caused by?
caused by an increase production/ deposition of melanin witout increasae in melanocyte
features of cafe au lait pigmentation
- borders?
- colour?
- what kind of lesion eg papule, blister
- size ?
- location
- well circumscribed
- uniformly light to dark brown macules that are typically 2 to 3 shades darker than normal skin colour
- size vary from a few mm to > 10cm
- can occur anywhere on body
what are genodermatoses
inherited skin disorders
what is an inherited systemic condition that leads to ulceration in oral cavity
epidermolysis bullosa
collagen defect, affects teeth because teeth got collagen
what are 2 inherited systemic conditions that lead to lumps and bumps in oral cavity
1) multiple neuroendocrine neoplasia type 2B (i/o neuromas)
2) neurofibromatosis type 1 (i/o neurofibromas)
what systemic condition causes the patient to be very prone to thyroid cancer, almost 100%?
multiple neuroendocrine neoplasia type 2b (i/o neuromas)
what 3 systemic diseases may cause cafe au lait pigmentation
1) Peutz Jeghers disease
2) Neurofibromatosis type 1
3) McCune Albright syndrome
what type of presentation can neurofibromatosis type 1 cause in the oral cavity
1) Lumps and Bumps
2) Cafe au lait pigmentation
what systemic condition is associated with cafe au lait pigmentation and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
McCune albright syndrome
what kind of disease is Sturge weber syndrome?
venous malformation
where is lateral periodontal cyst commonly found?
80% occur in mandibular premolar-canine-lateral incisor area
where does lateral periodontal cyst originate from
rests of dental lamina
how to dx lateral periodontal cyst
radiographic finding
what is the tx for lateral perio cyst
conservative enucleation (aka take out the cyst)
