L7 - Classical/Instrumental Interactions

Question 1

Are there two types of learning?

Answer 1

Maybe the behaviour we see in classical and instrumental is all classical or all instrumental
Instrumental response - rationed and goal directed, can adapt
Classical response - rigid, tightly linked to UR

Question 2

What was Holland’s research into omission training and rational instrumental conditioning?

Answer 2

Train light with food
Magazine approach prevents food
Omission - every time a rat made magazine approach, food cancelled
If magazine responding is classical = persist
If magazine responding is operant = stop

Question 3

How do you train animals to avoid shocks?

Answer 3

Running is a natural response when shock
The stronger the hard-wired UR - the harder it is to train animals to escape or avoid it
To train an operant response you may need to work with their classical CR

Question 4

How does classically conditioned CS affect instrumental performance?

Answer 4

Avoidance responses are rewarded by removing aversive stimuli before they have begun
One reason for avoidance responding is the presence of a signal for fear

Question 5

What is the instrumental transfer two process theory (Rescorla and Solomon 1967)?

Answer 5

Motivated by nice = CS predict nice = more response
Motivated by nice = CS predict nasty = less response
Motivated by nasty = CS predict nasty = more response
Motivated by nasty = CS predict nice = less respond

Question 6

What is Pavlovian instrumental transfer?

Answer 6

CS signalling a reward energises instrumental responding for that specific reward
A stimulus predicting one reward elevates performance of responding for the same reward
more than responding for the other
= incongruent responding

Question 7

How does Pavlovian instrumental transfer link to addiction?

Answer 7

The reward of drinking or smoking becomes associated with the sight of beer or cigarettes
This is why cigarette packaging has no images on

Question 8

What is context dependence?

Answer 8

Memories can be cued by context that was present when you formed them (smell, state, places)

Question 9

What was Godden and Baddeley 1975 context research?

Answer 9

Learn on sand/sea
Recall on sand/sea
Recall is better when it matches

Question 10

What is the discriminative/occasion setting control of associations?

Answer 10

Stimulus that is present when an association is formed can also control access to that association
The effects of these controlling stimuli do not depend on Pavlovian conditioning