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Biology - Biological Molecules > L7 - Carbs > Flashcards

L7 - Carbs Flashcards

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1
Q

what elements are present in carbs?

A

carbon

hydrogen

oxygen

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2
Q

what are the 2 types of carbs?

A

saccharides (sugars)

polysaccharides (complex sugars)

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3
Q

what are the physical properties of saccharides?

3

A

low molecular weight

soluble in water

sweet to taste

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4
Q

what are the physical properties of polysaccharides?

3

A

High molecular weight

Insoluble in water

Tasteless

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5
Q

what compositions do saccharides have?

2

A

monosaccharides (simple sugars)

disaccharides (double sugars)

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6
Q

what compositions do polysaccharides have?

1

A

multiple sugars

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7
Q

what type of bond do disaccharides + polysaccharides have?

A

glycosidic bonds

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8
Q

what is the general formula for monomers?

A

Cn H2n On

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9
Q

what is the general formula for disaccharides?

A

C12 H22 011

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10
Q

what is the general formula for polysaccharides?

A

Cx (H2O)n

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11
Q

What are common examples of monomers?

5

A 
Glyceraldehyde
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Ribose sugar
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12
Q

What are common examples of disaccharides?

3

A

maltose

sucrose

lactose

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13
Q

What are common examples of polysaccharides?

5

A 
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Lignin
Chitin
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14
Q

What are the 2 types of glucose?

what is the difference?

A

Alpha glucose

beta glucose

they have different orientation of the hydrogen + hydroxyl groups on a carbon atom
(on the right side)

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15
Q

Are monomers reducing or non-reducing sugars?

A

reducing sugars

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16
Q

Are disaccharides reducing or non-reducing sugars?

A

reducing + non-reducing sugars

17
Q

Are polysaccharides reducing or non-reducing sugars?

A

non-reducing sugars

18
Q

how are polysaccharides formed?

A

Monomers bond together to form a polymer, with the removal of a water molecule

(condensation reaction)

19
Q

what does the condensation of 2 glucose molecules form?

A

maltose

20
Q

what does the condensation of a glucose + a fructose molecule form?

A

sucrose

21
Q

what does the condensation of a glucose + a galactose molecule form?

A

lactose

22
Q

what type of glycosidic bond is maltose?

A

1,4 glycosidic bond

23
Q

what type of glycosidic bond is sucrose?

A

1,2 glycosidic bond

24
Q

what type of glycosidic bond is lactose?

A

1,4 glycosidic bond

25
Q

what is a pentose sugar?

A

has 5 carbons

26
Q

what are examples of pentose sugars?

A

Deoxyribose (in DNA)

Ribose (in RNA)

27
Q

what are starch + glycogen?

how are they formed?

A

they are polysaccharides

formed from long chains of glucose

28
Q

how is starch produced by plants digested?

A

by amylase

29
Q

How does the digestion of starch occur?

A

by the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond

amylase is the enzyme
maltose is the product

30
Q

what is glycogen?

A

an energy storage polysaccharide produced by animals

liver cells synthesise glycogen after a meal to maintain blood glucose levels

Biology - Biological Molecules (13 decks)

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