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S2 DRIP:A > L7 > Flashcards

L7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is required in order for us to have more reproducible science?

A

Openness and sharing as many parts of these features of the research process as possible

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2
Q

How would an open culture help reproducibility?

A

If we change the incentives for getting published we can change the the incentive to the quality of the research rather than the finding of significant results.

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3
Q

What were Robert Mertons 4 norms for how science should be done?

A

Communalism

Universalism

Disinterestedness

Organised skepticism

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4
Q

What did Mertons communalism refer to?

A

Openness and transparency in research

Science should be shared

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5
Q

What did Mertons universalism refer to?

A

Science should be independent of sociopolitical status

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6
Q

What did Mertons disinterestedness refer to?

A

Science should be done to further the scientific enterprise and not to benefit the individuals within those institutions

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7
Q

What did Mertons organised skepticism refer to?

A

Scientific research should be exposed to critical scrutiny before being accepted.

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8
Q

What is open science?

A

The conduct of research that allows other people to collaborate and contribute.

Everything is freely available in an online repository where anyone can freely access the information to collaborate

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9
Q

In the past, what was shared about the research?

A

Only the results and things that were right at the end

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10
Q

In the new models of research, what is shared about the experiment?

A

Every stage of the research process

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11
Q

Being open helps other scientists _____ your experiment

A

Replicate

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12
Q

What are the sources of error and bias that occur in the research planning phase?

What are the open science solutions?

A

Sources of error and bias:

Quantity over Quality

Emphasis on smallest publishable unit

Underpowered designs

Open Science Solutions:

Changing norms and reward structures

Technological solutions

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13
Q

What are the sources of error and bias that occur in the data collection and methods reporting phase?

What are the open science solutions?

A
  1. Optional stopping
  2. Failure to disclose all treatments, covariates and dependent measures
    * Solutions*:

21-word solution

Open materials

Open workflow

Pre-registration

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14
Q

What are the sources of error and bias that occur in the data analysis and results reporting phase?

What are the open science solutions?

A
  1. HARKing
  2. p-hacking
  3. Flexible data cleaning and analytic choices
    * Solutions:*
  4. Open data and code
  5. Pre-registration
  6. Publishing replications
  7. Improved statistical training and re-training
  8. DDistinguishing exploratory from confirmatory results
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15
Q

What are the sources of error and bias that occur in the publication process phase?

What are the open science solutions?

A
  1. Sexy is better than solid
  2. Emphasis on p < .05
  3. Overclaiming
  4. Tidy stories
  5. Lack of publication of replications
    * Solutions*
  6. Open peer review

Post-publication peer review

Pre-registered reports

Alternatives to tradutional manuscrips

Preprints and new media

Tolerance of ‘messy/imperfect findings’

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16
Q

What are the sources of error and bias that occur in the storing and archiving phase?

What are the open science solutions?

A
  1. File drawer problem
  2. Information loss creates bias in meta-analyses
    * Sources:*
  3. Open materials, data and workflow
  4. Rewards for sharing innovations in curation and indexing
17
Q

What are the ethical implications of open research?

A

Can we share without identifying participants?

Legal issues with sharing material?

18
Q

What is the open practice of preregistration?

A

Stating as clearly and specifically as possible what you plan to do, and how, before doing it, in a manner that is verifiable by others

19
Q

How would we go about preregistering out experiment?

A

Sharing the hypothesis and design before we start analysing the data

shows the difference between confirmatory and exploratory analysis

20
Q

What is the open practice of open source?

A

Opting for software and tools that are free to use so that others can use them to reproduce results

21
Q

What is the open practice of open data?

A

Sharing raw data files and summary data failes in a manner that others can reproduce the results

22
Q

What is the open practice of open materials?

A

Sharing materials and measures in a manner that enables others to directly replicate a study.

23
Q

What is the open practice of open data analysis?

A

Sharing data analytic scripts or code so that others can reproduce the results.

24
Q

What is the open practice of open peer review?

A

Making reviews publicly available for others to evaluate criticisms and responses.

25
Q

What is the open practice of open access publishing?

A

Making research outputs freely available to the public and other researchers

26
Q

Name the 6 open science practices.

A

S2 DRIP:A (11 decks)

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