L10 - Repertoirs, reality production toolkit etc. Flashcards
What is meant by when people use “contradictory repertoirs”?
There is a dichotomy between principles on one hand and practical constraints on the other
Constituted as a form of ‘unequal egalitarianism’
What does DP mean when it says that we use discourse to construct facts?
How we use descriptions to appear factual and objective - and reflect the real nature of events rather than an ‘interested’ version.
Potter (1998) refers to this as the ‘out-there-ness’ of a description or account
How do people tend to portray accounts in their discourse according to DP?
They produce accounts that are represented as independent of their own interests, motives and desires.
Because the dilemma of stake or interest is of concern for participants, people attend to this in talk
What is the theory behind Hepburn’s (2003) Reality Production ‘Toolkit’?
Speakers draw on a range of discursive devices and strategies to construct factuality and manage the dilemma of stake or interest.
In Hepburn’s Reality Production Toolkit, what is category entitlement?
To validify their view or version of event, speakers emphasise their membership or that of others to a particular category which entitles them to speak authoritatively about certain things.
e.g. he is a doctor so he knows best
In Hepburn’s Reality Production Toolkit, what is stake inoculation?
Speakers can construct their talk as coming from someone whose stake in that talk is counter to what you would expect.
e.g. I am gay but will be voting against same sex marriage
In Hepburn’s Reality Production Toolkit, what is corroboration and consensus?
People construct their description or account as corroborated by an independent witness, and/or something that everyone agrees on.
e.g. his behaviour intimidated everyone there
In Hepburn’s Reality Production Toolkit, what is active voicing?
Use reported speech to present views and impressions as a reliable and accurate record of what took place.
e.g., she said to me “why have you been avoiding me” and I said “I haven’t, I’ve just been busy”
In Hepburn’s Reality Production Toolkit, what is vivid description?
Using rich and vivid detail, careful observation and noticing can enhance the reliability of an account or event.
e.g. that morning was particularly wet and windy, and the traffic lights were working intermittently. When i passed my neighbours house, I noticed his paper was still on the lawn
In Hepburn’s Reality Production Toolkit, what is systematic vagueness?
Descriptions or accounts which are systematically vague about details and particular features draw attention away from one’s own stake or interest in the account.
– E.g., “There are many causes for poverty and economic hardship, but at the end of the day, the poor need to help themselves.”
What are extreme case formulations (ECFS)?
Maximise the extremity of the claim to make it seem certain
e.g. everyone there saw what happened and knows what he did
How do people use lists to make truth claims?
What is the most convincing list?
Demonstrates the comprehensiveness of claims.
3 part list is most convincing - you can begin to see a pattern
How do contrast structures help make truth claims?
By comparing two things and maximising the differences between them it makes the claim seem truthful.
How does DP treat attitudes?
Attitudes are not stable or enduring cognitive structures.
They are understood as ‘evaluative practices’ which have practical consequences for participants in everyday social interaction.
What is meant in DP by the contextual variability of discourse?
Peoples evaluative practices in talk (attitudes) are fragmentary, inconsistent and condradictory
everyday talk is messy
What is DP’s criticism with traditional psychology’s ‘aggregation of quantitative methods’ for analysing attitudes?
The contextual variability of discourse means that peoples attitudes are messy and vary.
Traditional questionnaire data suppresses this variability
Why does DP believe that attitudes are variable?
Because of discourses rhetorical orientation and function, attitudes are organised to perform social actions
(such as explaining, blaming, excusing etc.)
In DP
Text and talk are viewed as __________ that function to constitute particular versions or constructions of reality.
social practices
What are DP’s views on categorisation?
Categories are not treated as cognitive phenomena use to represent a group of things.
DP emphasizes that people constitute categories discursively in order to do certain things and perform social actions.
What did Edwards (1991) mean when he said that “categories are for talking”?
categorization is “something we do, in talk, in order to accomplish social actions (persuasions, blamings, denial, refutations, accusations, etc.)” (1991)
Some constructions are so familiar, pervasive, even banal, that they ‘give an effect of realism’ or ‘fact’
– People therefore come to regard category constructions not as versions of
reality, but as direct representations of reality itself
According to DP, which is true
Categories are a cognitive internal process that we use to represent the world
or
Categories are a discursive practice, which is actively constructed in discourse for rhetorical ends
Categories are a discursive practice, which is actively constructed in discourse for rhetorical ends
Are categories rigid or flexible?
They are flexible and depending on their functional and contextual situation
According to DP - are categories a cognitive process or social process?
social process
“When asked about what the woman said, Brown didn’t respond and just said ‘shes a bigoted women’”
What type of reality production toolkit did Brown use?
What is this an example of?
Systematic vagueness (he provides no details)
Someone using a category to obtain a goal (bigot is full of common-sense knowledge)
