L7 & 8 Lumps and Bumps Flashcards
list some of the non-neoplastic inflammatory lumps (Acute and chronic)
acute - neutrophilic/suppurative lesions - pyogranulomatous chronic - granulomatous - eosinophilic inflammation - lymphoplasmacytic lesions
list some of the non-neoplastic non-inflammatory lumps
tissue fluid and serum eg/ wheals blood eg/ haematoma
what are eosinophilic inflammatory lesions commonly associated with?
parasites, hypersensitivities, fungal organisms or solid matter eg/ keratin, plant
what are pyoganulomatous inflammatory lesions commonly associated with?
bacteria eg/ nocardia sp., fungal spores
what is the predominant cell type in a histolytic granulomatous inflammation
giant cells, histiocytes
what are the three classifications of neoplasia what are the cells involved?
- round cell; monocyte, macrophage, lymphocytes, mast cells, melanocytes. in epidermis and dermis 2. mesenchymal cell; fibroblasts, adipocytes, endothelial cells, spindle cells. in dermis 3. epithelial tumours; arise from keratinocyte of epidermis and follicular epithelium, sebocytes and sweat gland epithelium.
you are presented with this lump, after taking a biopsy you see the accompanying histo
is this a round/spindle or epithelial cell tumour?
what is the primary cell?
name the lump,
is this benign or malignant?
describe the histo and gross apperance
what species and age group is this common in?
benign cutaneous histiocytoma (BCH)/ “button tumour”
round cell tumour
primary cell: langerhans cell
it is benign
histo: no grenz zone, invades dermoepidermal junciton - “TOP HEAVY’ dome shaped cells.
gross: solitary, firm raised dome, hairless mass often on feet or face
common in dogs < 4 yrs
you are presented with this lump, after taking a biopsy you see the accompanying histo
is this a round/spindle or epithelial cell tumour?
what is the primary cell?
name the lump,
is this benign or malignant? how can you classify?
describe the histo and gross apperance
what species and age group is this common in?
round cell tumour
cell: mast cell
lump = mast cell tumour
histo: high cell density, metachormatic granules, grenz zone
gross: multinodular, oedematous
malignant: most common cutaneous malignancy in dogs, can be benign but most commonly malignant. if any multinucleated cells found or mitotic index 7 or above = malignant
what tests are available to grade mast cell tumours?
if you cannot see the granules within the mast cell what is a good dye to use that can indicate this?
C KIT IHC; correlated w/ determinig grade and malignancy
C KIT MUTATION; indicates how responsive will be to chemotheraphy use
dye: toludine blue stain
what is this neoplasm? is it high or low grade.
mast cell tumour. high: multinucleate figures detected, high mitotic index
the following stain was used to grade a tumour, what is the tumour and what grade would you assign to each pattern?
mast cell tumour
C KIT IHC stain used to grade
pattern 1 = grade 1
pattern 2 = grade 2
pattern 3 = grade 3; most severe
you are presented with this lump, after taking a biopsy you see the accompanying histo
is this a round/spindle or epithelial cell tumour?
what is the primary cell?
name the lump,
is this benign or malignant?
describe the histo and gross apperance
what species is this common in?
round cell tumour
primary cell: plasma B cell
lump: cuteanous lymphoma//plasmacytoma//non-epitheliotropic
grossly: red nodule, subcut
histo: large sheets of plasma cell “BOTTOM HEAVY”
malignant - invaraibly malignant
commonly in dogs and cats
you are presented with this lump, after taking a biopsy you see the accompanying histo
is this a round/spindle or epithelial cell tumour?
what is the primary cell?
name the lump,
is this benign or malignant?
describe the histo and gross apperance
what species is this common in? what age group?
round cell tumour
primary cell: T cell
name the lump: cuteanous lymphoma// epitheliotrophic lymphoma
malignant - invariably malignant
histo: neoplastic lymphocyte accumulate in epidermis, obscure dermo-epidermal junction
gross: erythmatous patterns, exofiliateive dermititis, plaques
more common in dogs than cats >10 yrs old
what tests are availble to test the malignancy and lymphoma ?
CD3 T cell lymphoma stain
PCR (PARR) test for clonal rearrangment. clonal rearrangment of TCR = malignant
you are presented with this lump, after taking a biopsy you see the accompanying histo
is this a round/spindle or epithelial cell tumour?
what is the primary cell?
name the lump,
is this benign or malignant?
describe the histo and gross apperance
what species is this common in? what age group?
well it can be ROUND SPINDLE OR EPITHELIAL
primay cell: melanocyte
lump: melanoma
can be benign or malignant
more pigmented = more likely benign, amelanotic = more likely malignant
<3 mitotic index = benign
histo: v variable in colour and shape of cell
common in dogs and horses that are grey
what tests are availble to detect a melanoma?
TRP 1
Schmorl’s stain for Melanin
Melan A
you are presented with this lump,
is this a round/spindle or epithelial cell tumour?
what is the primary cell?
name the lump,
is this benign or malignant?
describe the histo and gross apperance
what species is this common in? what age group?
round cell tumour
primary cell: ? idk soz
lump: transmissible veneral tumour
gross app: single or multinodular, often pendunculated, in genital region can be oral tho
histo: big round cells, high cell density
USUALLY SPONTANEOUSLY REGRESS IN 6 MNTH
ONLY IN DOGS W/ KERYTOPE 58 OR 59
you are presented with this lump, after taking a biopsy you see the accompanying histo
is this a round/spindle or epithelial cell tumour?
what is the primary cell?
name the lump,
is this benign or malignant?
describe the histo and gross apperance
what species is this common in? what age group?
mesenchymal tumour
primary cell: adipocyte
can be malignant or benign
grossly: smooth, white yellow nodular circumscribed mass, slightly membrane bound, will float in water
histo: normal adipose tissue
common in older obese dogs
you are presented with this lump, after taking a biopsy you see the accompanying histo
is this a round/spindle or epithelial cell tumour?
what is the primary cell?
name the lump,
is this benign or malignant?
describe the histo and gross apperance
what species is this common in? what age group?
mesenchymal cell tumour
primary cell: vasc endothelium
lump: haemangiosarcoma
malignant but can be benign (haemangioma)
grossly: large, flat or raised, can bleed
histo: large vasc channel filled w/ blood, locally infiltrative but rarely metastise
associated w/ solar radioation
you are presented with this lump, after taking a biopsy you see the accompanying histo
is this a round/spindle or epithelial cell tumour?
what is the primary cell?
name the lump,
is this benign or malignant?
describe the histo and gross apperance
what species is this common in? what age group?
mesenchymal cell tumour
gross: usually firm, not mobile, may ulcerate
histo: spindle cells, arranged in bundles and supported by abundent stroma
you are presented with this lump, after taking a biopsy you see the accompanying histo
is this a round/spindle or epithelial cell tumour?
what is the primary cell?
name the lump,
is this benign or malignant?
describe the histo and gross apperance
what species is this common in? what age group?
mesenchymal cell tumour
primary cell: spindle
name lump: equine sarcoid
gross: fibroplastic, verrucuous, flat and scaly
histo: no grenz zone
produced by BPV
common in horses
you are presented with this lump, after taking a biopsy you see the accompanying histo
is this a round/spindle or epithelial cell tumour?
what is the primary cell?
name the lump,
is this benign or malignant?
describe the histo and gross apperance
what species is this common in? what age group?
epithelial cell tumour
primary cell: epi cell / squamous cell
lump: squamous cell carcinoma
v aggressively malignant
histo: island os squamous keratinocyte, infiltrative, abuddant CT stroma
gross: plauqe like, firm, poorly circumscribed mass
most common malignant neoplasm in cats, second in dogs (to mast cell)
what is the most common caricinogenic trigger for a squamous cell carcinoma?
describe common locations they are found in a cat, dog, horse and cow.
trigger: solar radation
cats - nasal, eyelids, multiple swollen feet or toes
dog - muzzle, ventral abdomen
cow - eyelid, conjunctiva, vulva
horse - conjunctica, eyelid, external ganglia
you are presented with this lump, after taking a biopsy you see the accompanying histo
is this a round/spindle or epithelial cell tumour?
what is the primary cell?
name the lump,
is this benign or malignant?
describe the histo and gross apperance
what species is this common in? what age group?
epithelial cell tumour
primary cell: epidermal keratinocyte
lump: papilloma/ wart
gross: 0.5-3cm, warty,
histo: thickened epidermis, thrown into filitrom projections, covered by excess keratin
benign
you are presented with this lump, after taking a biopsy you see the accompanying histo
is this a round/spindle or epithelial cell tumour?
what is the primary cell?
name the lump,
is this benign or malignant?
describe the histo and gross apperance
what species is this common in? what age group?
epithelial cell tumour
primary cell: sebacous gland
name lump: sebaceous gland tumour
benign
histo: lots of lobules of sebaceous gland
gross: typically protrudes from surface, hairless and greasy
common: in dogs especially senior dogs
