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N110 Anat > L6 Urine > Flashcards

L6 Urine Flashcards

1
Q

Body fluid distribution

A

Intracellular fluid 65%
Extracellular fluid 35%

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2
Q

Structure of urinary system

A

Kidney
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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3
Q

Major structure of kidney

A

Renal cortex (outer)
Renal medulla ( middle)
Renal pyramid (triangle)
Major / minor calyx

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4
Q

Two type of nephron

A

Cortical nephron
to filtrate and excrete

Juxtamedullary nephron
Regulate concentration of urine & water balance

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5
Q

Ureter

A

Valve are open when bladder is relaxed

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6
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Max 700mL
Middle muscle layer controlled by autonomic nerve fibre

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7
Q

Urethra

A

Internal vs external

Twi muscle (upstream / downstream muscle) control the internal urethra orifice

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8
Q

Urination process

A
  1. Receptor send the signal to spinal cord
  2. Contraction of detrusor muscle + relaxation of internal urethral sphincter
  3. Cerebral cortex know the urge to urine
  4. Relax external urethral sphincter to urine
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9
Q

Urination process

A
  1. Receptor send the signal to spinal cord
  2. Contraction of detrusor muscle + relaxation of internal urethral sphincter
  3. Cerebral cortex know the urge to urine
  4. Relax external urethral sphincter to urine
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10
Q

Renal blood supply

A
  1. Afferent arteriole
  2. Glomerulus
  3. Efferent arteriole
  4. Peritubular capillary
  5. Renal vein
  6. Inferior vena cava
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11
Q

Rough urine production steps

A
  1. Glomerulus filtration
  2. Tubular reabsorption
  3. Tubular secretion
  4. Urine concentration
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12
Q

Glomerulus filtration rate affected by

A

Osmotic pressure
Hydrostatic of blood
Hydrostatic of glomerulus itself

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13
Q

Tubular reabsorption

Movement of substance e.g. water return to blood

Reduce amount of filtrate

A
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14
Q

Tubular secretion

A

More waste product are secreted from the blood
(Creatine, hydrogen, potassium, drugs)

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15
Q

Urine concentration (2 steps)

A

Reabsorb water in proximal tube

Step 1 juxamedullary nephron
Deeper the loop, higher the osmotic pressure

Step2
Higher osmotic pressure, more water drawn away from blood

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16
Q

Regulation of reabsorption

A

Sodium, calcium, potassium balance

17
Q

Balance between sodium, water & blood pressure

A
18
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus JGA

A

Function:

  1. Regulate BP
  2. Regulate GFR
  3. Sodium & water balance
  4. Response to SNS
19
Q

Acid base balance chemistry

A

pH<7 = acid
>7 = base

Hydrogen=acid

Blood pH is 7.35-7.45

20
Q

Buffer system

A

System that quickly react with any change of pH value

Haemogloblin / HCO3

21
Q

Role of kidney in acid base balance

A

Excrete acid in urine and generate new bicarbonate molecules

22
Q

Illness

A

HT (>130/80)

Kidney stone disease
Severe lower abdomen pain

Cystitis
Pain during urination

Urination incontinence

Proteinuria

N110 Anat (9 decks)

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