L6-respiratory physiology and lung volumes Flashcards
what happens due to the turbulence in the upper respiratory tract?
turbulence in the upper respiratory tract and large surface allow inhaled particles to beome trapped in the mucus lining in the mucosa
what happens to smaller particles
these are trapped by the mucus further down by branching respiratory tract
what do the macrophages intake respiratory tract do?
help clear any particles that may reach the alveoli
what implications does filtration have?
implications for drug delivery
what do the cillia of the mucosa do?
beat in a rythmic and coordinated way and carry trapped particles towards the pharynx and the digestive tract
what happens in the digestive tract
swallowed particles are then broken down by a combination of the low pH in the stomach and pepsin
what is special about the tonsils and adenoids
they are rich in lymphatic tissue
what is the immunological response?
fixed and wondering macrophages ingest particles and function as antigen presenting cells so activate the immune system
what are some signs and symptoms of respiratory disease
cough, sneeze, difficulty in breathing (dyspnoea), cyanosis
what is a cough
reflex response that helps to clear congestion in the lower respiratory tract. a common sign of respiratory disorder
what does a cough involve
inspiration
how is a cough produced
closure of epiglottis and vocal cords
forceful contraction of abdominal muscles
opening of glottis and vocal cords
expulsion of air under pressure
at what speed is air expelled during a cough
75-100km/h
what causes a cough
irritation of lower respiratory tract
what is dyspnoea
difficult or laboured breathing- shortness of breath (air hunger)
