L1- structure and function of respiratory system Flashcards
what does the upper respiratory tract consist of?
nose,nasal cavity and pharynx
what does the lower respiratory tract consist of?
larynx,trachea,bronchi and lungs
what are the two componenets of nose and nasal cavity?
external nose and internal nasal cavity
T/F respiratory tract has many functions including filtration and humidifier
true
what structure in the nose is used to filter the air?
nasal concha,ridges
bones that construct external nose
septal cartilage
greater alar cartilage
nasal bone
extensions of the frontal and maxillary bones
3 things internal cavity constructed with
nares,vestibule,posterior region of nasal cavity
what are nares?
nostrils
what are vestibules?
most anterior part of internal nasal cavity
what is the anterior part of nasal septum made from?
cartilage
what are choncae?
anterior and posterior part of interanal nares
what is the posterior region of internal nasal cavity formed from?
vomer and ethmoid bone
what is the floor of the nasal cavity made from?
hard palate
where is the meatus?
between the conchea
what lies within the meatus?
opening of paranasal sinuses
where is the opening of the nasolacrimal duct?
within the lower inferior meatus
where are olfactory epithelium?
superior region of nasal cavity
3 regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
where would you find the auditory/eustachian tube openings?
within the nasopharynx
what is positioned in a posterior region of the nasopharynx?
the pharyngeal tonsils
where does the nasopharynx open into?
the oropharynx
what can the oropharynx be considered as?
a junction point between the GI tract and respiratory tract
where does the oropharynx extend from and to?
from the uvula to the epiglottis
what can pass through the oropharynx?
air and ingested food
what is the oropharynx lined with
a stratified squamous epithelium
which tonsils do oropharynx contain?
contains 2 sets of tonsils, the palatine tonsils and the lingual tonsils
where does the laryngopharynx extend from and to
the epiglottis to the openings of the oesophagus and the larynx
what is the larynx made up of?
an outer casing of 9 cartilages
how many of the 9 cartilages in the larynx are paired
6 are paired 3 are unpaired
which is the largest of the cartilages
the superiorly positioned thyroid cartilage
what forms the adams apple
the cartilages in the larynx
what can be found attached to the thyroid cartilage?
the 2nd unpaired cartilage, the epiglotis
what does the epiglottis consist of
elastic cartilage and forms a free flap
how is the base of the larynx formed
by the unpaired cricoid cartilage
what are the 6 paired cartilages of the larynx
arytenoid,corniculate,cuneiform
where do the 2 pairs of ligaments extend from
the anterior surface of the arytenoid cartilages the posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage
where does the 2 pairs of ligaments form
form the vestibular folds or the false vocal chords
what does the inferior ligaments form
true vocal chords
what is the glottis
the true vocal cords and the associated opening between them
how can sounds be modified
by the lengthening or shortening of the vocal cords as a result of skeletal muscles moving the arytenoid cartilages
what is the trachea what does it contain
a long membranous tube consisting of 15-20 C shaped cartilages
what does the diameter of the trachea contain
consists of smooth muscle and a ligamentous membrane
what does the trachea divide into
divides into the left and the right primary bronchi
what does the right and left primary bronchi divide into and when
into secondary bronchi as they enter the lungs
what do the bronchi finally give rise to
bronchioles
shape of the lungs
conical shaped
where do the lungs extend from
the diaphragm to a point 2.5cm superior to the clavicle
how many lobes does the right lung have
3
how many lobes does the left lung have
2
what are the lobes divided into
lobules
how are lobules separated from each other
by CT
how many lobules does the left lung have
9
how many lobules does the right lung have
10
what enters the hilum of the lungs
blood vessels and nerves
what is each lung contained within
a separate pleural cavity
what are the pleural cavities formed from
2 pleural serous membranes
what are the 2 pleural serous membranes
parietal and visceral
what does the parietal pleura cover
inner thoracic wall the diaphragm and the mediastinum
what does the visceral pleura cover
surface of the lung
what is found between the 2 pleural serous membranes
pleural fluid
2 functions of the pleural fluid
lubricate movement
holds the pleural membranes together
when is it important for the pleural fluid to lubricate movement
during breathing of the pleural membranes past one another
what does the pleural fluid holding the pleuring membrane ensure
slide easily over one another whilst making them hard to seperate
the major route of the respiratory system blood supply
pulmonary artery
the second and equally important route of blood supply of the respiratory system
supplying the tissue of the bronchi right down to the respiratory bronchioles with oxygenated blood
how is supllying the tissue of the bronchi right doen to the respiratory bronchioles with oxygenated blood achieved by
via the bronchial arteries which are derived from the thoracic aorta
what does the muscles of respiration include
include the diaphragm the muscles that elevate the ribs and the muscles that depress the ribs
