L6

Question 1

ducks and sleep

Answer 1

sleep with one eye open. contralateral brain active.

Question 2

3 functions of sleep

Answer 2

limbic system controlled by frontal lobe normally. less inhibition during sleep.
complex problem solving: “sleep on it” - brain works thru problem when asleep. other areas shut down so brain can focus on this.
memory consolidation.

Question 3

5 stages of sleep

Answer 3

stage 1: theta - low frequency. drowsy, light sleep.
stage 2: harder to wake up sleeper than stage 1, still light sleep tho. see sleep spindles and K complexes = large, slower fluctuations in amplitude
stage 3&4: 3 = beginning of deep sleep. 4= within deep sleep. both = delta wave high amplitude, low frequency wave lengths. rejuvenating/energy replenishin.
REM: rapid eye movement. a lot of brain activtiy. when woken up report dream 80% of time. when woken up in other time report dream 15-50% of time.

Question 4

awake brain waves

Answer 4

beta waves = low amplitude. awake, alert, paying attention

alpha waves = drowsy, relaxing. lower in frequency.

Question 5

delta wave =?

Answer 5

stage 3/4 = high amplitude, low frequency

Question 6

beta wave =?

Answer 6

awake, alert, paying attention. low amplitude

Question 7

alpha wave?

Answer 7

drowsy, relaxed. vegetating. lower in frequency.

Question 8

Newborns do REM how much?
average time sleeping for 15-24 year olds?
elderly?

Answer 8

1. 2 the time sleeping is REM
   - 8.5 hours.
   - 6.5 hours (higher stress hromones = harder to sleep)

Question 9

sleep depends on what factors?

Answer 9

age, gender, health, activity during the day.

Question 10

dreams in rem vs non-rem

Answer 10

rem = legg logical. maybe bc limbic system most active.

Question 11

typical nights sleep

Answer 11

majority of deep sleep occurs early. peak and trough in sleep. throughout the night deep sleep decreases, REM increases

Question 12

sleep deprivation - how long?

• day 5/4 symptoms?
• back to sleep schedule?

Answer 12

264 hours.

• disoriented, slurred speech, memory problems.
• back to regular sleep schedule after a week

Question 13

rats and sleep

Answer 13

sleep is essential = rats deprived die within 21 days.

Question 14

symptoms of sleep deprivation. REM vs stage 3/4

Answer 14

REM deprived = psychological effects. irritation, mood, affects, aggression
Stage 3/4 deep sleep: physical effects. slowed reaction time

Question 15

what is alarm clock sleep-peep cycle

Answer 15

trying to fall asleep, but keep checking phone to see how long you can sleep for, mind racing.

Question 16

CNS during deep sleep

Answer 16

SNS shuts down, PNS takes over.

- glucocort levels decrease

Question 17

what is delta sleep-inducing factor?

Answer 17

corticotropin-inhibiting hormone SUSPECTED to be released by hypothalamus to suppress HPA by suppressing ACTH therefore decrease stress hormones

Question 18

CNS during REM sleep

Answer 18

sns and glucocorticoids increase

Question 19

one hour before waking up - hormone levels do what?

Answer 19

CRH, ACTH, and glucocorticoid levels rise. = natural sleep patterns allow you to wake up.

Question 20

sleep deprivation and CNS

Answer 20

no decline in glucocorticoids; levels actually rise. because not sleeping is stressful on body and brain.
- decrease energy stores in brain = interfere with memory consolidation/working mem.

Question 21

study: brain scans in sleep deprived vs non-sleep deprived

Answer 21

sleep deprived: more local areas of brain active, irrelevant areas active. not deprived: only specific areas active

Question 22

shift/night work: stress & sleep.

Answer 22

2 weeks day shift/2 weeks night shift = constantly retrain circadian rhythm = harsh on body, bad sleep == not as good sleep during night shift bc sleep during day which is opposed to day time.
overactive stress response

Question 23

flight attendants: stress and sleep

Answer 23

impaired explicit memory when sleep deprived/circadian rhythm is messed
- higher glucocorticoid levels
smaller temporal lobe (=hippocampus measurement)

Question 24

sleep deprived + type 2 diabetes

Answer 24

sleep deprived = increase stress hormones => higher incidence of type 1, higher cardiovascular disease, explicit memory issues.

• increasing sleep deprivation = contribute to chronic conditoins
• using artificial lights - less time spent with them than before them.

Question 25

higher stress response leads to sleep deprivation

- CRH, insomnia, quantity/quality

Answer 25

CRH - activated upon stressor, activate amygdala to increase fear, anxiety, arousal.
shake neurons out of sleep.
- insomnia cases caused by major stressor. when stressor is gone insomnia perpetuates causing viscious cycle.
- decreased quanityt and quality - less deep sleep if more stressed.

Question 26

viscious cycle of sleep
- expectations
study:

Answer 26

when you fall asleep, the expectation you have about your sleep quality/quantity can affect the kind of sleep you get.
study: (1): sleep as long as they want (2): told they’d be woken up at 6am. = hormone levels were assessed. (1): woke up around 9am, stress hormone increase around 8 am. (2): stress hormone increase around 5am. anticipatory.
extrapolate that if you think you’ll be woken up, stress hromones stay high during the night = decrease in quality of sleep

Question 27

study about sleep, extrapolation

Answer 27

loss of predictability/ control = increase stress response = not as rejuvenating.