L 9

Question 1

animal personality

Answer 1

consistent across contexts

Question 2

proactive vs reactive

Answer 2

pro: deal with challenge head on. low glucocorticoid stress response
- bury shock probe.
react: deal with challenge by avoiding. high glucocort stress response, run away from probe.

Question 3

personality related to ?

Answer 3

how we perceive, respond, cope with stressors. – can affect risk for stress-related disease

Question 4

primate personality: baboons in serengeti.

- what kind of stressors?

Answer 4

• social stress: have food, large social groups/interactions are stressful. competitive hierarchy also stressful.

Question 5

measured glucocort, antibody and cholesterol male research bc females pregnant or w young
- baseline
- gary
kenneth

Answer 5

baseline: unstressed monkey, also done when stressed (post-fight, rejection to mating)
Gary: antagonistic way of dealing, threateningly, instigator. little social support = high stress hormones, low Ab levels, bad cholesterol profile.
Kenneth: calm, cool, didn’t start fights, played with offspring and groomed others. low stress hormones, , high AB, low cholesterol profile.

Question 6

knowing wether threatening or neutral social encounter

Answer 6

• resting glucocort levels twice as high in males that cannot tell difference.

Question 7

know when won encoutner

Answer 7

win = celebrate with grooming
lose = sulk or beat other guy.
sometimes react in same way = didnt know he won, didnt care => higher resting glucocort response.

Question 8

behaviour upon losing a fight

Answer 8

hand by self
non-sexual grooming
beat up other guy = out let for frustration. lowest glucocort levels.

Question 9

traits that lead to higher rank for longr

Answer 9

better physical health, less stress hormones, less insult on body, defend higher rank for longer

Question 10

more time non-sexual grooming =?

Answer 10

lower glucocort levels.

Question 11

high-reactor rhesus monkeys

Answer 11

shy, anxious, high glucocort levels, easily stressed in novel unstressful situation
.

Question 12

genetic and enviro effects of high-reactivity

Answer 12

genetic: fathers personality
environment: if nurturing mother (direct physical contact) - high reactor status decreases.

Question 13

two ways to end up with stress-related disease

Answer 13

mismatch btw magnitude of stressor and response

- do not utilize effective coping mechanisms

Question 14

type A personality

• characteristics
• increase risk of?

Answer 14

competitive over-achieving, time-pressured, impatient, hostile.
cardiovascular disease. more than smoking/high cholesterol.
type A present before heart disease. type A => heart disease.

Question 15

most significant factor btw type a and cardiovascular disease

Answer 15

hostility.

• males more likely to have heart disease than females.
• higher hostility = more heart disease than low hostility.
• other type a characters more heart disease than if don’t have other typeA characters.

Question 16

best way to detect type A in interview?

Answer 16

look at body language.

Question 17

hostility + social support = heart disease

Answer 17

expressing hostility

study: watch film on amputation. 1 - express emotion. 2 - cant express. 2= higher bp, indicators of stress. exacerbate physiology linked to that emotion
- hostile = suscpicious of others, higher bp when interrupted during timed math tests than non-hostile ppl.
- reduce hsotility = reduce cardiovascular effects

Question 18

repressive personality -what is this?

Answer 18

dont subjectively believe they experience many stressors, but physiology tells a different story = chornically activated stress response.
- disciplined, enjoy structure and routine. lack emotional expression.

Question 19

repressive personality + cognitive challenge

Answer 19

higher stress respones, dont like tests because cant predict or control.

Question 20

represeive personality + frontal cortex

Answer 20

high activity = inhibitory on limbic system

Question 21

repressive personality = hard work

Answer 21

hard to constantly remove ambiguity, control, predict.

Question 22

3 c’s of hardiness

Answer 22

commitment
challenge
control

Question 23

commitment of hardiness

Answer 23

sense of mening and purpose in life

Question 24

challenge in hardiness

Answer 24

zest for life, see changes as exciting, not threatening

Question 25

control in hardiness

Answer 25

ability to influence your own destiny. internal locus of control. persis to make situation better

Question 26

.high hardiness in the face of stressors

Answer 26

higher hardiness = less stress related disease.

• subjective view of stressos, active coping = high hardiness: described community as less stressed, less poverty than low hardiness community
• proactive, not reactive. can deal with stressor better.

Question 27

define dispositional optimism

Answer 27

tendency to believe you will generally expeience good rather than bad outcomes in life

Question 28

Life orientation test

Answer 28

used to measure optimism

Question 29

retroactive study: men + bypass surgery

Answer 29

• had coronary issues.

- higher optimism scores = better health outcomes after surgery than lower optimism scores

Question 30

prospective study - follow 1000 men for 10 years

Answer 30

higher optimism scores = lower incidence of heart disease.
- blood pressure: optimists = lower bp on work & non-work days. lower bp during good mood than in bad mood. pessimist: no change in bp based on mood

Question 31

optimists + coping strategies

Answer 31

• more proactive - like to be around other optimists.

- less subjective stress than pessimists.