L5 Pop. and Public Health Part 3

Question 1

What is an example of a way to “drain the swamp”?

Answer 1

By imposing zoning restrictions that would restrict access to unhealthy foods and incentivize healthy food outlets to locate in underserved areas.
Government influences community nutrition environemtn.

Question 2

What is a policy?

Answer 2

Policy is a principle, value or course of action
which guides decision‐making.
It is a consensus on the ideas that form the
basis of action and hence underline decisionmaking

Question 3

What are some limitations of SEM?

Answer 3

Lack of validated environmental measures.
Little research on which aspects of the food environment are more influential than others, or about the most feasible and effective interventions and policies to improve food environments.

Question 4

Give an example of the government controlling the food environment.
Who opposes these regulations?

Answer 4

• Montreal mayor is backing a plan to phase out sugary drinks in public buildings. Sugary drinks will be replaced with healthier beverages.
• WHO (20% tax), Health Canada, Dietitians of Canada proposition to regulate advertising of unhealthy foods and sugary beverages to children
• The Food and Beverage industry

Question 5

What is a demographic highly marketed to?

Answer 5

Children and low SES

Question 6

Is the marketing to children currently regulated or unregulated?

Answer 6

unregulated (Outside Quebec)

Question 7

How does Quebec restrict the marketing to children?

Is it working?

Answer 7

• bans all commercial marketing to children under 13
• There was a 13% reduction in fast food purchasing
• has the lowest rate of obesity in 6 - 11-year-olds and the highest consumption of veg and fruit in Canada

Question 8

What is price elasticity?

Answer 8

The relationship between the price of food and what people will pay for them.
A food is elastic when the price increases and the consumption decreases (or vice versa).
A food is inelastic when the price increases and the consumption purchase do not change.

Question 9

Which foods are more elastic and less elastic?

Answer 9

Confectionaries and food away from home are more elastic.

Dietary staples are less elastic bc they people conserve their income for the necessities.

Question 10

Demand for food almost always _______ as

prices increase.

Answer 10

decreases

Question 11

What is an excise tax or a sin tax?

How do they work?

Answer 11

A tax specifically levied on certain goods deemed harmful to society (e.g., In Canada, alcohol and tobacco have excise taxes).
The manufacturer of a good pays a levy to the
government and recovers their loss by raising
the price of the good.
- Decreases consumption of the good
- Taxes earned from sales of the good can be used by government to redress the social costs associated with the product on which it is levied (e.g., obesity prevention programs)
- lessens the relative price difference between unhealthy and healthier beverages, making the latter more desirable.

Question 12

Who are the most affected by an excise tax?

Answer 12

Low income households

Question 13

What is Nutrition North Canada?

Answer 13

• Government of Canada subsidy program to provide Northerners in isolated communities with improved access to perishable nutritious food.
  The program subsidizes:
  – Nutritious perishable foods such as fruit, vegetables, milk, eggs, meat and cheese shipped by air.
  – Country or traditional foods commercially processed
  in the North (e.g. Arctic char, musk-ox, and caribou) shipped by air
  – Direct (or “personal”) orders
• provides subsidies directly to registered Northern retailers, Southern suppliers, and Country food processors/distributors, who are to pass on the full subsidy to consumers by reducing the price of subsidized food

Question 14

What are the downsides of an excise tax?

Answer 14

People may have more money to spend on unhealthy foods.

Retailers may pocket the subsidy and not decrease the cost of the food.

Question 15

What is Health Canada’s Healthy eating strategy?

Answer 15

Aims to improve the food environment to make it easier to make the healthier choice. Strategies include improving healthy eating information.

ie. Nutrition fact table
- Enable a health claim for fruits and vegetables through regulations by the end of this year.
- Consult Canadians on front of package food labels aimed at helping Canadians make healthier and more informed choices, particularly on sugars, sodium and saturated fats.

Question 16

What is a point of purchase strategy?

Answer 16

such as menu and shelf labelling, are used to persuade consumer to increase the purchase and consumption of healthier foods. ie. low sodium on canned soup.

Question 17

What is the Ottowa Charter for Health Promotion?

Answer 17

Defined the prerequisites for health, health promotion, and health promotion activities.

Question 18

What are the 5 action areas of health promotion?

Answer 18

1. Building health public policy
2. Supportive environments
3. Strengthen community action
4. Reorienting health services
5. Developing personal skills

Question 19

What are the 3 strategies of health promotion?

Answer 19

1. Advocate
2. Mediate
3. Enable

Question 20

In an integrated model of population health and health promotion, what are the 3 critical questions?

Answer 20

On WHAT should we take action? (health determinants)
HOW should we take action? (action strategies)
With WHOM should we act? (levels of action)

Question 21

Why are evidence-based decisions important?

Answer 21

They are required to ensure that policies and programs focus on the right issues, take effective action and produce sound results.

Question 22

Population Health Promotion Model

Answer 22

is a full cube shape image, which explains the relationship between population health and health promotion.

Question 23

List the strengths of the Aboriginal/Indigenous Youth Mentorship Program (5X)

Answer 23

-Informed by Indigenous worldviews and practices that seek to build on the strengths of youth to build healthy inclusive communities.
• Community-based participatory approach
• Children and youth who have participated in the program say they experience inclusion and empowerment.
• Initial results suggest that children and youth who have participated in the program have experienced increased self-esteem and have reduced their weight compared to children not in the program.
• These effects translate into a lower risk for type 2 diabetes by promoting wellness and Mino-bimaadiziwin (“living in a good way”).

Question 24

List the limitations of the Aboriginal/Indigenous Youth Mentorship Program

Answer 24

• Mostly involves the individual and interpersonal levels of influence.
  • Little impact on the broader community or socio-economic factors.
  • What happens when project funding stops and/or university partnerships end? Will schools have the resources/capacity to run the program on their own?