L4 Pop. and Public Health Part 2

Question 1

What is the number one risk factor for chronic disease in Canada?

Answer 1

Diet - 1/6 grains eaten are whole

• 1/3 eat enough veggies
• 1/3 eat plant based proteins
• 1/3 calories are from processed foods
• 1/3 sugar consumed by teens is from sugar sweetened veg
• 30% of food budget is spent on eating out
• consume more than double the necessary sodium per day

Question 2

What % of Canadians are obese?

Answer 2

26.7% and increasing (BC has lowest rate of obesity)

Question 3

An increase in dinner plate size correlates with an increase in calories over the years. About how much does a 12 inch dinner plate hold in calories?

Answer 3

1900

Question 4

What is portion distortion?

Answer 4

When food is served looking like a proper serving but is actually much more than what a person needs. ie. cheeseburger

Question 5

How many ads are Canadian children between 2- 11 exposed to through advertising every year?
How does it effect children’s food preferences?
Is introducing a sin tax an appropriate solution?

Answer 5

25 million
Foods that they see become their preferred foods
no - it only really effects poor people.

Question 6

Is there less availability or more availability of healthy foods in low-income areas?

Answer 6

less availability - poor nutrition is an outcome of the unequal distribution of resources

Question 7

Population that suffer the worst health status, including nutritional health and obesity, are also those that have the highest _______

Answer 7

poverty rate

Question 8

What is the socio-ecological theory?

Answer 8

Suggests that there are interacting spheres of influence that impact a person’s behaviours and health like individual, interpersonal, community, organizational, and policy enabling environment.

Question 9

What is the socio-ecological model?

Answer 9

A theoretical framework for understanding the factors that influence health and wellness at varying levels surrounding individuals and community.

Question 10

What is reciprocal causation?

Answer 10

An individuals preferences and behaviours both influence and are influenced by personal factors (community: fast food versus affordable healthy food options) and the social environment (policy/regulations: mandated nutrition information on fast foods and agricultural subsidies).

Question 11

What are some individual factors that influence food choices?

Answer 11

cognitions (attitudes, or preferences, knowledge, values, and self efficacy), cooking skills and behaviour, biology (genes to be a supertaster, risk for hypertension), and demographic factors (income).

Question 12

What are some social factors influencing food choices?

Answer 12

includes interactions with family, friends, peers, co-workers and others in the community and may impact food choices through mechanisms such as parental role modeling, social support, and social norms

Question 13

What are some physical environmental factors that influence food choices and eating behaviour?

Answer 13

Multiple settings where people eat or procure food such as the home, work sites, schools, restaurants, and supermarkets.

Question 14

What are some macrolevel environmental factors that influence food choices and eating behaviour?

Answer 14

Food marketing, food production and distribution systems, agriculture and nutrition policies, and economic price structures. Play a more distal and indirect role but has a substantial and powerful effect on what people eat.

Question 15

Why is it less risky for convenience stores to sell less healthy foods? (X10)

Answer 15

• Retailers are paid by companies to place their products in high traffic areas
• high profit margin
• long shelf life
• free new fridge and displays
• attractive product design
• hassel free distribution
• low risk
• high existing customer demand
• healthy food are highly perishable
• need training in product handling

Question 16

What is the difference between a fast food swamp and a health food dessert?

Answer 16

A food dessert has a lack of access to food and sometimes tied to low income areas.

A food swam is surrounded by unhealthy options.

Question 17

Persons living in Edmonton’s lowest income neighbourhoods are ___ times more likely to have a fast food outlet within a 5-10min walk than those in more affluent neighbourhoods.

Answer 17

2.3

Question 18

Why are people with lower socioeconomic status more likely to be obese and develop type 2 diabetes?

Answer 18

possibly bc of the lack of access to healthy foods, healthy foods are more expensive