L5: Political Ideologies

Question 1

It “refers to a set of beliefs and ideas that shape an individual’s views, actions and interactions with the world.” (Joven, 2020)

Answer 1

Ideology

Question 2

An ideology that forms that basis for government action.

Answer 2

Political Ideology

Question 3

Political ideologies:

• Offer an _____ of society by examining the issues and problems it faces
• Evaluate ______ to the status quo and prescribe a preferred social order
  _ Provide a _____ by which the prescribed social order can be achieved

Answer 3

Analysis, Alternatives, Means

Question 4

A way of identifying and classifying ideologies as they are placed in a singular plane. Ideologies can be oriented towards the “left” or the “right,” based on whether they are more liberal or conservative.

Answer 4

Political Spectrum

Question 5

It is more inclusive, as political ideologies are plotted and defined on an x and y axis, rather than a singular spectrum.

Answer 5

Political Compass

Question 6

This measures views on economic policy

Answer 6

X-axis

Question 7

Private sectors should run the economy

Answer 7

Economic Right

Question 8

People-centric communities and economies

Answer 8

Economic Left

Question 9

This measures the views on the role of the government in society

Answer 9

Y-axis

Question 10

The government is the mechanism by which the will of the people is made known, allows for individual freedoms and never encroaches on them.

Answer 10

Libertarian

Question 11

Government should have all the power and control in society.

Answer 11

Authoritarian

Question 12

These ideologies are in favor of communities becoming more self-sustaining. It is:

• people centric
• freedom over government control
• the state works for the people

Views on Economic Policy:
- Communities must be self-sustaining
-The people own the means of production and produce for themselves

Answer 12

Left-Wing Ideologies

Question 13

Social equality is a fundamental concept. The goal is to establish a society that provides equal opportunities for growth to all!

Answer 13

Liberalism

Question 14

In Liberalism, ____ is responsible for eliminating discrimination and providing services to the people. It is responsible for holding human rights and freedoms.

Answer 14

The State

Question 15

This tenet of Liberalism says that the individual is the most important part of society.

Answer 15

Individualism

Question 16

This tenet of Liberalism says that the individual may act as they please.

Answer 16

Liberty

Question 17

This tenet of Liberalism leads individuals to make wise judgments, which can solve issues.

Answer 17

Reason

Question 18

This tenet of Liberalism says that all individuals are born equal and deserve equal rights and entitlements.

Answer 18

Equality

Question 19

This tenet of Liberalism says the willingness of the individual to allow others to behave differently.

Answer 19

Tolerance

Question 19

This tenet of Liberalism says that all social relationships are based on consent, especially the ones that involve power and authority.

Answer 19

Consent

Question 20

Compromise between the acceptance of capitalism and the distribution of wealth according to moral principles. These moral principles are based on social equality.

It tries to implement socialist reforms under a democratic government.

Answer 20

Social Democracy

Question 21

Advocates for equal distribution and access to resources across society. This ideal social order is achieved by obtaining the means of production of goods and services.

It calls for public ownership and control of properties and natural resources. No private property!

Answer 21

Socialism

Question 22

It is a socialist ideology that believes equality can be achieved by removing social hierarchies. According to ______, hierarchies are the root cause of division in society and they cause oppression.

The way to achieve the ideal social order is by redistributing resources to “equalize” society.

Answer 22

Communism

Question 23

They own the means of production.

Answer 23

Bourgeoisie

Question 24

These are workers, often exploited.

Answer 24

Proletariat

Question 25

Communism views society as perpetually being in _____ over limited resources (Social Conflict Theory), and that under these conditions, ______ will collapse. This will then lead to a _____ _____, where they seize the means of production and equalize society.

Answer 25

Conflict, Capitalism, Proletariat Revolution

Question 26

The State (or any political authority) is seen as evil and unnecessary. It advocates for a stateless society!

Answer 26

Anarchism

Question 27

These ideologies are more resistant to change, and are focused on keeping the status-quo— conservative.

Views on the Government:
- Government has more control and power in society.
- Righting governments are commonly characterized by:
> Strict leaders, rules & regulations
>Rigid systems

Views on Economic Policy:
- Differs from ideology to ideology.
-Some advocate for minimal government intervention in the free market.
- Generally anti-socialist.

Answer 27

Right-wing Ideologies

Question 28

It focuses on upholding traditional belief systems and preserving established customs and institutions. There is a resistance to change and reform. There is also generally stronger military and police presence in society.

Views on Government:
- Government does not intervene with the economy and people’s affairs.
- Social issues are not the concern of the government. They are solved at the community level.

Views on the economy:
- Opposed to socialist ideas.

Answer 28

Conservatism

Question 29

Believes that old traditions must be preserved.

Answer 29

Tradition

Question 30

Believes that society is structured like a living being, and that change to society must be gradual and not drastic or radical.

Answer 30

Organicism

Question 31

Emphasizes that an action should be shaped by practical circumstances and goals.

Answer 31

Pragmatism

Question 32

Social position and status is natural.

Answer 32

Hierarchy

Question 33

Individuals’ source of security and independence from the government.

Answer 33

Property

Question 34

This must be exercised!

Answer 34

Authority

Question 35

Individuals are morally corrupt and are sources of disorder.

Answer 35

Human Imperfection

Question 36

Its fundamental assumption is that economic growth is the key to human progress. As such, there is much emphasis on upholding trade liberalization and the free market. Government intervention in the free market is prohibited.

The Government should also be free to relegate some of its functions to the private sector, so as to increase its efficiency and decrease spending.

Answer 36

Neoliberalism

Question 37

It advocates for society’s return to the status quo. Often springs up as a response to a radical change in society.

Answer 37

Reactionism

Question 38

It is characterized by fierce nationalist ideals and authoritarian leadership. It is dictatorial, with power highly centralized in one place.

Often backed by immense military and police strength, equality amongst the people is rejected and racism/classism runs rampant.

The state is more important than the individual, and there is a psychological conditioning of the people for the state.

Answer 38

Facism

Question 39

Contraction of National-Socialism. It is an ultra-radical version of fascism that specifically advocates for the establishment of an Aryan state.

It resulted in the Holocaust, which was the genocide of over 6 million Jews.

Answer 39

Nazism

Question 40

These ideologies attempt to bind opposite poles of the political spectrum, attempting to strike a balance between wanting social equality and keeping a social hierarchy.

Answer 40

Centrism