L5: Political Ideologies Flashcards
It “refers to a set of beliefs and ideas that shape an individual’s views, actions and interactions with the world.” (Joven, 2020)
Ideology
An ideology that forms that basis for government action.
Political Ideology
Political ideologies:
- Offer an _____ of society by examining the issues and problems it faces
- Evaluate ______ to the status quo and prescribe a preferred social order
_ Provide a _____ by which the prescribed social order can be achieved
Analysis, Alternatives, Means
A way of identifying and classifying ideologies as they are placed in a singular plane. Ideologies can be oriented towards the “left” or the “right,” based on whether they are more liberal or conservative.
Political Spectrum
It is more inclusive, as political ideologies are plotted and defined on an x and y axis, rather than a singular spectrum.
Political Compass
This measures views on economic policy
X-axis
Private sectors should run the economy
Economic Right
People-centric communities and economies
Economic Left
This measures the views on the role of the government in society
Y-axis
The government is the mechanism by which the will of the people is made known, allows for individual freedoms and never encroaches on them.
Libertarian
Government should have all the power and control in society.
Authoritarian
These ideologies are in favor of communities becoming more self-sustaining. It is:
- people centric
- freedom over government control
- the state works for the people
Views on Economic Policy:
- Communities must be self-sustaining
-The people own the means of production and produce for themselves
Left-Wing Ideologies
Social equality is a fundamental concept. The goal is to establish a society that provides equal opportunities for growth to all!
Liberalism
In Liberalism, ____ is responsible for eliminating discrimination and providing services to the people. It is responsible for holding human rights and freedoms.
The State
This tenet of Liberalism says that the individual is the most important part of society.
Individualism
This tenet of Liberalism says that the individual may act as they please.
Liberty
This tenet of Liberalism leads individuals to make wise judgments, which can solve issues.
Reason
This tenet of Liberalism says that all individuals are born equal and deserve equal rights and entitlements.
Equality
This tenet of Liberalism says the willingness of the individual to allow others to behave differently.
Tolerance
This tenet of Liberalism says that all social relationships are based on consent, especially the ones that involve power and authority.
Consent
Compromise between the acceptance of capitalism and the distribution of wealth according to moral principles. These moral principles are based on social equality.
It tries to implement socialist reforms under a democratic government.
Social Democracy
Advocates for equal distribution and access to resources across society. This ideal social order is achieved by obtaining the means of production of goods and services.
It calls for public ownership and control of properties and natural resources. No private property!
Socialism
It is a socialist ideology that believes equality can be achieved by removing social hierarchies. According to ______, hierarchies are the root cause of division in society and they cause oppression.
The way to achieve the ideal social order is by redistributing resources to “equalize” society.
Communism
They own the means of production.
Bourgeoisie
These are workers, often exploited.
Proletariat
Communism views society as perpetually being in _____ over limited resources (Social Conflict Theory), and that under these conditions, ______ will collapse. This will then lead to a _____ _____, where they seize the means of production and equalize society.
Conflict, Capitalism, Proletariat Revolution
The State (or any political authority) is seen as evil and unnecessary. It advocates for a stateless society!
Anarchism
These ideologies are more resistant to change, and are focused on keeping the status-quo— conservative.
Views on the Government:
- Government has more control and power in society.
- Righting governments are commonly characterized by:
> Strict leaders, rules & regulations
>Rigid systems
Views on Economic Policy:
- Differs from ideology to ideology.
-Some advocate for minimal government intervention in the free market.
- Generally anti-socialist.
Right-wing Ideologies
It focuses on upholding traditional belief systems and preserving established customs and institutions. There is a resistance to change and reform. There is also generally stronger military and police presence in society.
Views on Government:
- Government does not intervene with the economy and people’s affairs.
- Social issues are not the concern of the government. They are solved at the community level.
Views on the economy:
- Opposed to socialist ideas.
Conservatism
Believes that old traditions must be preserved.
Tradition
Believes that society is structured like a living being, and that change to society must be gradual and not drastic or radical.
Organicism
Emphasizes that an action should be shaped by practical circumstances and goals.
Pragmatism
Social position and status is natural.
Hierarchy
Individuals’ source of security and independence from the government.
Property
This must be exercised!
Authority
Individuals are morally corrupt and are sources of disorder.
Human Imperfection
Its fundamental assumption is that economic growth is the key to human progress. As such, there is much emphasis on upholding trade liberalization and the free market. Government intervention in the free market is prohibited.
The Government should also be free to relegate some of its functions to the private sector, so as to increase its efficiency and decrease spending.
Neoliberalism
It advocates for society’s return to the status quo. Often springs up as a response to a radical change in society.
Reactionism
It is characterized by fierce nationalist ideals and authoritarian leadership. It is dictatorial, with power highly centralized in one place.
Often backed by immense military and police strength, equality amongst the people is rejected and racism/classism runs rampant.
The state is more important than the individual, and there is a psychological conditioning of the people for the state.
Facism
Contraction of National-Socialism. It is an ultra-radical version of fascism that specifically advocates for the establishment of an Aryan state.
It resulted in the Holocaust, which was the genocide of over 6 million Jews.
Nazism
These ideologies attempt to bind opposite poles of the political spectrum, attempting to strike a balance between wanting social equality and keeping a social hierarchy.
Centrism
