L5 - Personality & Intelligence Flashcards
1
Q
Define Personality
A
- Dynamic organisation inside a person that create a person’s characteristic patterns of behaviour, thoughts and feelings
2
Q
Describe Personality
A
- Organised
- Dynamic and changes, active
- Defined by patterns
- Psychological concept but linked with body
- Causal: how person relates to world
- Displayed through thoughts, behaviours, feelings
- Help predict & understand behaviour
3
Q
How was personality divided into types in the past?
A
- Planetary: moon = lunacy, jupiter = jovial etc
- Bodily fluids with bile and phlegm
- By face/body shapes e.g identifying criminals through faces. Body types who are bigger are friendly and more likely to get MD, those are skinnier are more timid and had more neg symptoms of schiz.
4
Q
Define Types and Traits in Personality
A
- Traits are Quantitative differences, measured on a scale/dimensions
- Types are qualitative differences measured in categories (older, not as reflective)
5
Q
What did Allport do?
A
- 18000 words in dictionary describing personality
- Found 4K words for stable personality traits
6
Q
What did Cattell do?
A
- Collected Allports words
- Collected data and identified 16 personality trait
- Summarised into 5 global factors.
7
Q
What did Eysenck do?
A
- Took 16 factors and made them into 3 (Neuroticism, Extroversion and Psychoticism)
8
Q
Describe The Big Five Model (OCEAN)
A
- Neuroticism
- Extraversion
- Openness
- Agreeableness
- Conscientiousness
- Well used & robust
- Self scored or measured by others
1-5 Likert Scale - Tested with NEO-PI
9
Q
How to measure personality?
A
Projective tests:
- Rorschach inkblot
- Thematic apperception test
- Interviews
Objective:
- MMPI
- IAT
- NEO-PI
10
Q
What did Li et al do?
A
- Looking at face recognition with extro/introvert
- Face recognition task and flower recognition
- Found normal distribution
- No difference between them in the flower condition
- E is better at facial recognition task
11
Q
What is Intelligence?
A
- Ability to reason, quickness of mind
- Cognitive abilities: consisting of a lot of things e.g attention, motivation, perception etc
12
Q
What are the theories of intelligence?
A
- Spearman: 2 factor theory
- Thurstone: Correlative/factor analysis
- Sternberg: Triarchic Theory
- Gardner: Multiple intelligences
- Goleman: Emotional Intelligence
13
Q
Describe the 2 factor theory
A
- g factor: general
- s factor: specific
- analogy problems used e.g lawyer is to client as doctor is to…
Tests
- apprehension of experience: understand
- eduction of relations: know that lawyer is related to client
- eduction of correlates: know how to solve it
14
Q
Describe the factor analysis by Thurstone (VVNSMRP)
A
- rejected single g factor
- used factor analysis
- Extracted 7 main ones
- Verbal comprehension
- Verbal fluency
- Numerical ability
- Spatial visualisation
- Memory
- Reasoning
- Perceptual speed
15
Q
What did Eysenck do with Thurstones theory?
A
- Compressed 7 further
- said if you compress to one, you get spearmans g factor
- split into 3: A=verbal, B=numerical, C=spatial
