L5 - HIV (1) Flashcards
What cells does HIV infect?
CD4+ cells
Which 2 people discovered HIV
Montagnier (reverse transcriptase activity, EM showing budding)
Gallo (cross-reactivity with HTLVI)
What other viruses were also discovered along with HIV in 1985?
HIV-2
SIV (SIVsm > SIVmac)
What are 4 groups of HIV-1 viruses?
M
O - Cameroon/Gabon
N - 6 people in Cameroon
P - 2 people in Cameroon
What is the scientific name for chimpanzees?
Pan troglodytes
Which chimpanzee subtype has relations to HIV-1?
SIVcpzPtt
Did HIV-1 groups M and N arise from different locations?
YES
Were SIVcpzPtt responsible for HIV-1 M and N groups?
YES - 2 independent events
bushmeat trade/beastality
What 2 viruses combined to make SIVcpz?
SIVrcm - red capped mangabey
SIVgsn - greater spot-nosed
What virus caused HIV-1 groups O and P to arise?
SIVgor
Why has HIV only emerged recently?
deforestation
urbanisation
travel
unsterile needles
What are the 3 causes fo HIV spreading rapidly?
International travel
Blood transfusion
IV drug use
How is HIV transmitted?
contact with blood/mucous membranes
sex
What are risk factors for HIV sexual transmission?
High virus load
presence of cuts
other STD
lack of condom
What are 2 other ways of transmitting HIV?
IV drug use
vertical transmission
