L12 - HPV (4) Flashcards
What HPV is common in co-infection?
HPV45
Which HPV vaccine gives better cross-protection
Cervarix
What are the 3 new approaches to HPV vaccines?
Include L1 from other HPVs
Include L2
Epitope swapping
How can including L2 improve HPV vaccines?
more conserved between diff. HPV types
BUT - only exposed when virus is getting into cells
How can epitope swapping improve HPV vaccines?
Make a chimera combining different HPV types
Other alternative to IMPROVING the HPV vaccine?
cheaper and more accessible
HPV vaccine made in E.coli?
problem with LPS
still quite expensive with cell free expression
CECOLIN
How can HPV subunit vaccines be good?
12-pentamer icosahedral particles
BUT STRUCTURE OF HPV DOES NOT OBEY RULES OF QUASI EQUIVALENCE
How can uptake of vaccines be improved?
Microneedle patches instead of bigger single needles
4 ways to improve vaccines?
1) vaccine made in E.coli
2) subunit vaccine - isolated pentamers
3) Deliver alongside current vaccines
4) Change delivery strategy for better compliance e.g. micro-needle, single dose
What is the aim of a therapeutic vaccine
trigger immune response in individual already infected
Use VLP that is easy to make foreign epitopes e.g. HepB core
How can removing oncoproteins be a different approach in vaccines?
oncoproteins can interact with cellular protein
inhibit or remove oncoproteins to reomove interacts
What technology can make RNA aptamers?
Selex
What are RNA aptamers?
oligonucleotides that fold into complex structures - bind to targets in conformation-dependent manner
How are RNA aptamers stabilised against nuclease attack?
2’fluoro pyrimidines
