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MICR2222 - Medical Virology > L13/14 - HepC (1) > Flashcards

L13/14 - HepC (1) Flashcards

1
Q

What Hep viruses are non-envelped?

A

HepA

HepE

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2
Q

What Hep viruses are enveloped?

A

HepB
HepC
HepD

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3
Q

How are non-enveloped Hep viruses transmitted?

A

Enteric

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4
Q

How are enveloped Hep viruses transmitted?

A

parenteral

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5
Q

Function of hepatocytes?

A

Metabolise carbs, fats, proteins

produce serum components

Detoxify

Produce Bile

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6
Q

Which Hep viruses are released into the blood?

A

Hep B/C/D

envelopes cannot handle acidic environment of bile

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7
Q

Which Hep viruses are released into the bile?

A

Hep A/E

stable within acidic/detergent environment

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8
Q

How does blood enter the liver?

A

Sinusoids

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9
Q

How many genotypes of HCV?

A

7

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10
Q

What genotypes of HCV are most common in W. Europe?

A

Type 1-3

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11
Q

Why is there a high incidence of HCV in Egypt?

A

Treatment campaign Schistosomiasis in 1960s

re-used glass syringe, emetic tartar

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12
Q

Original name fo HCV?

A

NANBH

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13
Q

How was HCV cloned?

A 
serum centrifuged
RNA extracted 
Reverse transcribed
clone into lambda bacteriophage
Infect E.coli with bacteriophage library

imprint plate using nitrocellulose membrane
probe membrane with antiserum from infected patients

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14
Q

What family is HCV a member of?

A

Flaviviridae

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15
Q

Structural proteins of HCV?

A

Core
E1
E2
(p7)

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16
Q

Non-structural proteins of HCV?

A 
(p7)
NS2
NS3
NS4A
NS4B
NS5A
NS5B
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17
Q

What is the p7 protein of HCV?

A

ion channel

18
Q

What % of acute hepatitis cases lead to chronic liver disease?

A

<85%

19
Q

What are ALT?

A

Allanine amino transferase - usually present in hepatocyte

20
Q

What does elevated levels of ALT cause?

A

Cirrhosis and potentially Hepatocellular carcinoma

21
Q

Are levels of ALT always the same?

A

titres can fluctuate over years - virus not cleared

22
Q

What is liver fibrosis?

A

scar tissue in liver underneath hepatocyte

restricted blood supply

23
Q

Link between HCV and insulin resistance?

A

HCV disrupts pathway and increases cytokine production of IL18 and TNF-a

24
Q

What other effects does insulin resistance have on the body?

A

Type II diabetes

Reduced antiviral response

Increased incidence of HCC

Accelerated fibrogenesis

25
Q

Link between HCV and lipid metabolism?

A

Core associates with lipid droplets

lipid accumulation

NS5A - dramatic increase in amount of lipid droplet

Hepatocytes are lipid producers - transported ELSEWHERE

26
Q

What processes are increased in lipid metabolism during HCV infection?

A

Lipogenesis

27
Q

What processes are decreased in lipid metabolism during HCV infection?

A

Lipoprotein secretion

Fatty acid oxidation

28
Q

What fatty liver condition does HCV lead to?

A

Steatosis

29
Q

What is Steatosis?

A

effects of core and NS5A proteins

enhanced by lifestyle

Genotype-specific

30
Q

Which genotype does Steatosis have a higher incidence in?

A

Genotype 3

31
Q

What is HCC?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

32
Q

How does HCC develop?

A

Chronic liver injury
Inflammation
Increased cell turnover
Oxidative DNA damage

33
Q

How is the liver repaired?

A

Move out fo G0 into cell cycle

divide to repair liver

34
Q

What does Wnt/B-cantenin control?

A

gene expression

35
Q

What molecular requirements INCREASE for development of HCC?

A

Cell cycle
Vascularisation
Gene expression

36
Q

What molecular requirements DECREASE for development of HCC?

A

apoptosis

37
Q

What does p53 control?

A

apoptosis

38
Q

What does TGFb (retinoblastoma oncogene) control?

A

apoptosis and Cell cycle

39
Q

What HCV proteins are involved with p53?

A

NS5A
Core
NS3

40
Q

What HCV protein are involved with TGFb?

A

NS5A

Core

41
Q

What HCV proteins are involved with Rb?

A

NS5B

42
Q

What HCV proteins are involved with Growth factors and Wnt/B-cantenin?

A

NS5A

MICR2222 - Medical Virology (13 decks)

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