L4 (VITAL SIGNS) Flashcards
takes place in the lungs where CO2 is eliminated and oxygen is absorbed by the blood.
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION OR PULMONARY RESPIRATION
Normal Rate of Breathing: Adult
15 to 20 times/min.
- the volume of air inhaled and exhaled
- described as either shallow or deep
RESPIRATORY DEPTH
shallow respirations with a rapid rate occur in some disease conditions such as high fever, shock and severe pain.
RESPIRATORY DEPTH
an individual inspires
500 cc. of air
fast, shallow breathing
TACHYPNEA
noisy breathing
STERTOROUS
the average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole
MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE(MAP)
influenced by cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, each of which is influenced by several variables
MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE(MAP)
the volume of blood flow from the heart through the ventricles, and is usually measured in liters per minute (L/min)
Cardiac Output
refers to compliance, which is the ability of any compartment to expand to accommodate increased content
Peripheral Vascular Resistance
can be calculated by the stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate
Cardiac Output
the amount of blood moving through the body
Volume of Circulating Blood
- a measure of the blood’s thickness and is influenced by the presence of plasma proteins and formed elements in the blood.
Viscosity of Blood
refers to the capacity to resume its normal shape after stretching and compressing
Elasticity of Vessel Walls
vessels larger than 10 mm in diameter are typically elastic
Elasticity of Vessel Walls
the instrument used for measuring the pressure the blood exerts against the walls of the artery
THE SPHYGMOMANOMETER
not as widely used as the aneroid version
Mercury Sphygmomanometer
is a toxic substance and these sphygmomanometer are
being replaced for safety reasons
Mercury
contain a column of mercury that rises as the pressure bulb is pressed and the rubber bladder inflated
Mercury Sphygmomanometer
- a calibrated scale runs down both sides of the mercury column
- the reading is taken at eye level at the top of the mercury line next to a calibrated scale
Mercury Sphygmomanometer
- must be placed vertically on the wall or on a flat, level surface so that the mercury will rise in a vertical position
- periodic calibration is necessary to maintain accuracy
Mercury Sphygmomanometer
relatively inexpensive and easy to use
Electronic sphygmomanometer
provides a digital readout on a lighted display, and does not require a stethoscope
Electronic sphygmomanometer
provides a digital readout on a lighted display, and does not require a stethoscope
Electronic sphygmomanometer
5 Parts of the Aneroid Sphymomanometer:
- Gauge
- Cuff
- Pumping Bulb
- Valve
- Tubes
a gadget that transmits and magnifies the sound obtaining in the Body
Stethoscope
- the small tips on the ends of the ear tubes that fit into your ears.
- some stethoscopes may have a choice of hard plastic or soft silicone Earpieces
Earpiece
hollow metal tubes that connect to the acoustic tubes on one end and the earpieces on the other
Ear tube
the soft flexible line of the stethoscope
Tubing
the purpose is to maintain and transfer the frequency/sound level that is captured by the diaphragm or bell and send it to the ear tubes where it can make its way to the users ears
Tubing
depending on the stethoscopes make and model the tubing may be made with a single tube or dual lumen tube design that connects to the metal/steel ear tubes
Tubing
the combined components of the upper half of the stethoscope which include the ear tubes, tension springs and earpieces
Headset
allows sound to flow efficiently into the ear canal so that their is minimal disturbance from the stethoscope.
Headset
basically the metal /steel part of the stethoscope that connects the stethoscopes tubing to the chest piece
Stem
aside from connecting the two components of the stethoscope it also allows the user to switch / click between the chest pieces diaphragm and bell by turning the chest piece and clicking it into place via the ball bearing
Stem
composed of the connected stem, diaphragm and/or bell
Chest piece (head of the stethoscope)
depending on the stethoscope it may feature either a single-head or dual head design that may or may not contain a lower-frequency bell
Chest piece (head of the stethoscope)
Parts of stethoscope
a. Earpieces
b. Ear tube
c. Tubing
d. Headset
e. Stem
f. Chest piece (head of the stethoscope)
