L2 (MEDICAL ASEPSIS) Flashcards
involves a reduction in numbers of infectious agents
but does not necessarily reduce it to zero
Medical Asepsis
The microbes are not eliminated, however, instead, their
environment is altered so that it is not conducive to growth and reproduction
Medical Asepsis
the procedure used to prevent contamination of
microbes before surgery
Surgical Asepsis
A set of infection control practices that healthcare personnel use to reduce transmission of microorganisms in healthcare settings.
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Protect both healthcare personnel and patients from
contact with infectious agents.
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
2 STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
- Hand Hygiene
- Use personal protective equipment (PPE)
(hand washing with soap and water or use of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer) before and after patient contact and after contact with the immediate patient care environment..
Hand Hygiene
when exposure to blood, body fluids, excretions, secretions (except sweat), mucous membranes, or non-intact skin is anticipated.
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
PPE includes
- Gloves
- Mask, face shields and eye protection
- Gowns
when hand contamination is anticipated
Gloves
when splashes may occur
Masks, face shields and eye protection
when soiling of clothes may occur
Gowns
Should be used by ___________ for patients regardless of the patient’s diagnosis and whether or not the patient is known to have a communicable infection.
healthcare personnel caring
_________ should be used for all patients, all the time
Standard Precautions
◦ Every year, an estimated _____ patients get a
hospital-related infection.
◦ ______ die from their infection.
2 million, 90,000
______ is part of Standard Precautions. It can reduce the transmission of healthcare-associated infections – to your patients and to you
Hand hygiene
When should you wash your hands?
- Whenever hands are visibly dirty or contaminated.
- Before:
◦ having contact with patients
◦ putting on gloves
◦ inserting any invasive device
◦ manipulating an invasive device - After:
◦ having contact with a patient’s skin
◦ having contact with bodily fluids or excretions, non-
intact skin, wound dressings, contaminated items
◦ having contact with inanimate objects near a patient
◦ removing glove
Surfaces in the patient care environment – including
__________, __________, ________ – are often contaminated with bacteria.
bed rails, IV pumps, and even computer keyboards
Methods of Maintaining Medical Asepsis
- Handwashing
prevent contamination of healthcare professional’s
hands and help reduce the spread of pathogens only
Gloves
They are used properly and hand hygiene is
performed before and after wear
Gloves
It’s important to know that gloves do not provide complete protection from hand contamination .That’s why hand hygiene is so important before and after glove use
Gloves
8 Types of Waste:
- Infectious Waste
- Pathological Waste
- Shaprs
- Chemicals
- Pharmaceuticals
- Genotoxic Waste
- Radioactive Waste
- Heavy Metals waste
contains potentially harmful micro- organisms which can infect hospital patients, health-care workers and the general public.
Healthcare waste
Other potential infectious risks may include the spread of drug-resistant micro-organisms from health-care establishments into the environment
Healthcare waste
_________ can also cause injuries
Waste and by-products
a chemical substance that is used for disinfecting
only an inanimate object e.g. ( phenol , chlorine )
Disinfectant
refers to any process that effectively kills or eliminates transmissible agents (such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, prions and spore forms etc.) from a surface, equipment, foods, medications, or biological culture medium.
Sterilization
can be achieved through application of steam, chemical vapor sterilization, dry heat sterilization and ethylene oxide gas sterilization
Sterilization
Moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure is the sterilant used in the steam sterilizer (autoclave).
Steam sterilization
______ of medical devices is the least time consuming, and the preferred, method of sterilization for heat and moisture stable medical devices
Steam sterilization
Unsaturated chemical vapor (a mixture of alcohol, water, ketones, and formaldehyde heated under pressure) is a typical sterilant used in this method of sterilization
Chemical Vapor Sterilization
Hot air is the sterilant used in the dry heat sterilizer (hot air oven).
Dry Heat Sterilization
It is a slow process because it depends upon higher temperatures to incinerate microorganisms.
Dry Heat Sterilization
This method of sterilization is used for heat-stable, moisture-sensitive, or steam impermeable medical devices and products
Dry Heat Sterilization
________ is the sterilant used for gas sterilization.
Ethylene Oxide Sterilization
This method of sterilization is used for heat-sensitive
items
Ethylene Oxide Sterilization
Of the total amount of waste generated by health-care
activities, about ___% is general waste.
80%
The remaining ___% is considered hazardous material
that may be infectious, toxic or radioactive.
20%
Every year an estimated ________________ are administered worldwide, but not all of the needles and syringes are properly disposed of afterwards.
16,000 million injections
contains potentially harmful microorganisms which can infect hospital patients, health-care workers and the general public
Healthcare waste
Chain of Infection
Infectious Agent
Reservoir of infection
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
- the state of being free from living pathogenic organisms
- the methods of achieving a germ-free condition
Asepsis
The strips below each package show the way they looked before sterilization
Sterilize Packages
The tape that seals this pack was originally a plain, light color. The strips appeared on the tape when conditions for sterility were achieved.
Sterility Indicators
Pathogen
Infectious organism
Place where organism can thrive
Reservoir of infection
Any avenue available to exit the body
Portal of Exit
Route taken by pathogens from reservoir to susceptible host
Mode of transportation
Any avenue available to enter the body
Portal of entry
Person at risk for infection
Susceptible host
A _______ must not be placed around the neck
Mask
Hold hands in upward position while rinsing.
Surgical Handwashing
