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BMS248 Neural Circuits > L4 Visual System > Flashcards

L4 Visual System Flashcards

1
Q

Visual system stimuli

A

food, predator, mate

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2
Q

What defines sensory neuron morphology

A

its function

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3
Q

Positive feedback in relation to neurons

A

pre-synaptic neuron activates post-synaptic neuron

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4
Q

What are the types of feedback in the visual system

A

positive feedforward, negative feedback and negative feedforward

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5
Q

Main retina function

A

image acquisation

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6
Q

Right hemifield activates

A

left brain

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7
Q

LGN function

A

preprocesses visual information

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8
Q

Where does information travel to from the LGN

A

primary visual cortex

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9
Q

Visual pathways in the cortex

A

ventral stream and dorsal stream

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10
Q

Ventral stream function

A

processes object identity

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11
Q

Dorsal stream function

A

processes object location, speed and direction of movement

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12
Q

Pupil function

A

regulate amount of light falling on the retina

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13
Q

Lens function

A

focus image on fovea

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14
Q

Fovea property

A

part of retina with highest visual acuity

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15
Q

Where are photoreceptors densely packed

A

Fovea

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16
Q

Rod function

A

high light sensitivity

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17
Q

Muller cell function

A

light guides, transmit light to tissue

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18
Q

Retina layers

A

3 layers of neurons, 2 layers of synapses

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19
Q

Inhibitory retina cells

A

horizontal and amacrine cells

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20
Q

Synaptic layer OPL

A

synapses between photoreceptors, bipolar and horizontal

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21
Q

Direct retina pathway

A

Photoreceptors to bipolar cell to ganglion cell

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22
Q

Synaptic layer IPL

A

synapses between amacrine, bipolar and ganglion cells

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23
Q

Synaptic layer importance

A

process of important

24
Q

Retina synaptic layers

A

inner and outer plexiform layers

25
Q

Retina feedforward neurons

A

photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

26
Q

Retina feedback neurons

A

horizontal cells and amacrine cells

27
Q

Rod activation

A

dim light

28
Q

Cone activation

A

high light

29
Q

Where does phototransduction occur

A

outer segment of rod and cones

30
Q

Photoreceptor response to light

A

hyperpolarisation

31
Q

cGMP function in retina

A

activates channels on photoreceptor membranes

32
Q

Light on rhodopsin

A

change in conformation - activates GPCR

33
Q

cGMP presence in cytoplasm causes

A

activates channels which open

34
Q

Phosphodiesterase function

A

regulates cGMP levels

35
Q

Channel opening in photoreceptor membrane effect

A

depolarisation of the membrane

36
Q

Why do channels on photoreceptor membranes depolarise the membrane

A

channels are non selective

37
Q

Light on receptors

A

less glutamate release

38
Q

What is the effect of less glutamate release

A

less activation of bipolar and horizontal cells

39
Q

Types of bipolar cells

A

ON and OFF

40
Q

ON bipolar cells

A

depolarise when light goes on

41
Q

OFF bipolar cells

A

hyperpolarise when light goes on

42
Q

Photoreceptor neurotransmitter

A

glutamate

43
Q

OFF bipolar cell receptor

A

ionotropic glutamate receptor - excitatory

44
Q

ON bipolar cell receptor

A

metabotropic glutamate receptor - inhibitory

45
Q

Photoreceptors in the dark

A

continuously depolarised due to inward sodium current

46
Q

Receptive field

A

area in the retina which when illuminated activates a visual neuron

47
Q

Annulus

A

ring of light with dark centre

48
Q

Fovea connections

A

1-1 bipolar cell to photoreceptor

49
Q

Glutamate on bipolar cell

A

release hyperpolarises bipolar cell

50
Q

Stimulated horizontal cell on bipolar cell

A

bipolar cell is less inhibited

51
Q

Bipolar cell termination

A

inner flexiform layer

52
Q

Asymmetric ganglion cell dendritic tree function

A

detect motion in specific plane of direction

53
Q

Ganglion cell function

A

high sensitivity vision

54
Q

Ganglion cell firing

A

action potentials

55
Q

Graded potentials in the retina

A

Bipolar cells and photoreceptors

BMS248 Neural Circuits (9 decks)

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