Chemical Senses

Question 1

cAMP function

Answer 1

opens cation channel

Question 2

Second messenger function olfactory system

Answer 2

amplify sensory signals

Question 3

Insect olfactory receptors

Answer 3

Ion channels

Question 4

Olfactory receptor specialisation

Answer 4

some receptors are very specialised, some very general

Question 5

Olfactory sensory neuron maturation

Answer 5

mature neurons express a single olfactory receptor

Question 6

How do we know mature olfactory sensory neurons only express a single neuron

Answer 6

single cell whole transcriptome sequencing

Question 7

Olfactory convergence onto glomerulus

Answer 7

Olfactory sensory neurons expressing the same receptor converge on the same glomerulus

Question 8

In drosophila what is the olfactory bulb the same as

Answer 8

antennal lobe

Question 9

Olfactory bulb

Answer 9

structure in forebrain of vertebrates that receives neural input about odours

Question 10

Sensory neurons transfer information to ?

Answer 10

second order neurons at glomeruli

Question 11

What is the equivalent to olfactory sensory neurons in drosophila

Answer 11

olfactory receptor neurons

Question 12

True or False - one to one between sensory neurons and second class of neurons

Answer 12

true

Question 13

What does receptor specific matching of sensory neurons to second order neurons ensure

Answer 13

odour specificity is carried through

Question 14

What are mitral cells and tufted cells equivalent to in drosophila

Answer 14

projection neurons

Question 15

What do mitral and tufted cells project to

Answer 15

the brain

Question 16

What is the first relay synapse important for - olfactory

Answer 16

transformation of the odour code

Question 17

What is the first relay synapse between - olfactory

Answer 17

sensory neurons and second order neurons

Question 18

What synaptic adaptation emphasise

Answer 18

start of the odour

Question 19

Describe the first relay synapse - olfactory

Answer 19

rapidly adapting, weakens over time

Question 20

What does the first relay synapse (olfactory) allow

Answer 20

nervous system to focus on changes in odour

Question 21

What is the function of converging sensory neurons onto second order neurons

Answer 21

reduce noise, strengthens weak responses

Question 22

what is the function of lateral cross talk

Answer 22

gain control and de-correlation

Question 23

Lateral cross talk - gain control function

Answer 23

sensitive to very weak and very strong odours

Question 24

Lateral cross talk - de-correlation

Answer 24

make responses of neuronal population to different odours as diff as possible

Question 25

Olfactory behaviours

Answer 25

learned and innate

Question 26

Learned olfactory behaviour brain area human

Answer 26

piriform cortex

Question 27

Learned olfactory behaviour brain area insects

Answer 27

mushroom body - kenyon cells

Question 28

Innate olfactory behaviour humans brain area

Answer 28

amygdala

Question 29

Innate olfactory behaviour brain area insects

Answer 29

lateral horn

Question 30

What is required for innate odour responses humans

Answer 30

cortical amygdala

Question 31

How can you show a brain region is responsible for a certain behaviour

Answer 31

silence that brain region

Question 32

What are the purposes of innate and learning circuitry

Answer 32

innate - categorise, learned - discriminate

Question 33

What is the difference between innate and learning circuitry activity

Answer 33

innate - dense, learning - sparse

Question 34

How do bacteria move

Answer 34

swim straight (runs) or turns (tumbles)

Question 35

What is the effect of increasing nutrient concentration on bacterial movement

Answer 35

run more, tumble less

Question 36

What organism uses the same rule as bacteria

Answer 36

C.Elegans

Question 37

How can transience be generated in olfactory stimuli

Answer 37

moving head

Question 38

What receptors does taste transduction use

Answer 38

metabotropic and ionotropic

Question 39

What is the function of signal transduction pathways

Answer 39

amplify signals

Question 40

What does bitter inhibit

Answer 40

sweet

Question 41

How does bitter inhibit sweet

Answer 41

lateral inhibition