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BMS248 Neural Circuits > Chemical Senses > Flashcards

Chemical Senses Flashcards

1
Q

cAMP function

A

opens cation channel

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2
Q

Second messenger function olfactory system

A

amplify sensory signals

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3
Q

Insect olfactory receptors

A

Ion channels

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4
Q

Olfactory receptor specialisation

A

some receptors are very specialised, some very general

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5
Q

Olfactory sensory neuron maturation

A

mature neurons express a single olfactory receptor

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6
Q

How do we know mature olfactory sensory neurons only express a single neuron

A

single cell whole transcriptome sequencing

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7
Q

Olfactory convergence onto glomerulus

A

Olfactory sensory neurons expressing the same receptor converge on the same glomerulus

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8
Q

In drosophila what is the olfactory bulb the same as

A

antennal lobe

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9
Q

Olfactory bulb

A

structure in forebrain of vertebrates that receives neural input about odours

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10
Q

Sensory neurons transfer information to ?

A

second order neurons at glomeruli

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11
Q

What is the equivalent to olfactory sensory neurons in drosophila

A

olfactory receptor neurons

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12
Q

True or False - one to one between sensory neurons and second class of neurons

A

true

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13
Q

What does receptor specific matching of sensory neurons to second order neurons ensure

A

odour specificity is carried through

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14
Q

What are mitral cells and tufted cells equivalent to in drosophila

A

projection neurons

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15
Q

What do mitral and tufted cells project to

A

the brain

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16
Q

What is the first relay synapse important for - olfactory

A

transformation of the odour code

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17
Q

What is the first relay synapse between - olfactory

A

sensory neurons and second order neurons

18
Q

What synaptic adaptation emphasise

A

start of the odour

19
Q

Describe the first relay synapse - olfactory

A

rapidly adapting, weakens over time

20
Q

What does the first relay synapse (olfactory) allow

A

nervous system to focus on changes in odour

21
Q

What is the function of converging sensory neurons onto second order neurons

A

reduce noise, strengthens weak responses

22
Q

what is the function of lateral cross talk

A

gain control and de-correlation

23
Q

Lateral cross talk - gain control function

A

sensitive to very weak and very strong odours

24
Q

Lateral cross talk - de-correlation

A

make responses of neuronal population to different odours as diff as possible

25
Q

Olfactory behaviours

A

learned and innate

26
Q

Learned olfactory behaviour brain area human

A

piriform cortex

27
Q

Learned olfactory behaviour brain area insects

A

mushroom body - kenyon cells

28
Q

Innate olfactory behaviour humans brain area

A

amygdala

29
Q

Innate olfactory behaviour brain area insects

A

lateral horn

30
Q

What is required for innate odour responses humans

A

cortical amygdala

31
Q

How can you show a brain region is responsible for a certain behaviour

A

silence that brain region

32
Q

What are the purposes of innate and learning circuitry

A

innate - categorise, learned - discriminate

33
Q

What is the difference between innate and learning circuitry activity

A

innate - dense, learning - sparse

34
Q

How do bacteria move

A

swim straight (runs) or turns (tumbles)

35
Q

What is the effect of increasing nutrient concentration on bacterial movement

A

run more, tumble less

36
Q

What organism uses the same rule as bacteria

A

C.Elegans

37
Q

How can transience be generated in olfactory stimuli

A

moving head

38
Q

What receptors does taste transduction use

A

metabotropic and ionotropic

39
Q

What is the function of signal transduction pathways

A

amplify signals

40
Q

What does bitter inhibit

A

sweet

41
Q

How does bitter inhibit sweet

A

lateral inhibition

BMS248 Neural Circuits (9 decks)

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