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Biology (Semester 1) > L4: Lipids > Flashcards

L4: Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What elements are lipids composed of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes phosphorus

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2
Q

Are lipids generally polar or non-polar?

A

Non-polar

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3
Q

Are lipids generally soluble in water?

A

No

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4
Q

Are lipids generally soluble in non-polar solvents?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Can lipids be polymers?

A

No - they are not formed from monomers

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6
Q

Why do lipids group together in water?

A

Hydrophobic interactions

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7
Q

Triglyceride is a lipid formed from what subunits?

A

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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8
Q

Triglycerides are formed by what kind of reaction?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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9
Q

Triglycerides are broken down by what kind of reaction?

A

Hydrolysis

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10
Q

Which enzymes assists the digestion of triglycerides?

A

Lipase

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11
Q

Is palmitate saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated (no C=C bonds)

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12
Q

Is Oleate saturated or unsaturated?

A

Unsaturated (contains C=C bonds)

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13
Q

What causes the bend in the structure of oleate?

A

C=C bond

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14
Q

Which fatty acids form liquids at room temperature, saturated or unsaturated?

A

Unsaturated

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15
Q

What is the structural difference between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids?

A

The location of the first carbon-carbon double bond. In omega-3, it is between carbon #3 and 4; in omega-6, it is between carbon #6 and 7

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16
Q

Which fatty acids form solids at room temperature, saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

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17
Q

What basic structure characterises steroids?

A

Four fused carbon rings

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18
Q

What is the most basic steroid?

A

Lanosterol

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19
Q

Lanosterol is formed by cyclisation of which molecule?

A

Squalene

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20
Q

Testosterone, progesterone, and oestrogen are examples of what kind of steroid?

A

Sex hormones

21
Q

Aldosterone and cortisol are examples of what kind of steroid?

A

Corticosteroids

22
Q

True or false: cholesterol is a type of steroid

A

True

23
Q

What is a phospholipid?

A

A lipid with a phosphate group in the place of a fatty acid

24
Q

Which part of the phospholipid is polar? The phosphate group or the fatty acid groups?

A

Phosphate group

25
Q

Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic? The phosphate group or the fatty acid groups?

A

Fatty acid groups

26
Q

Give an example of a secosteroid

A

Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)

27
Q

What condition develops from a deficiency in Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)

A

Osteoporosis/Rickett’s

28
Q

Which part of the phospholipid forms the tail? The phosphate group or the fatty acid groups?

A

Fatty acid groups

29
Q

Which part of the phospholipid is soluble in water? The phosphate group or the fatty acid groups?

A

Phosphate group

30
Q

Which part of the phospholipid forms the head? The phosphate group or the fatty acid groups?

A

Phosphate group

31
Q

What is a glycolipid?

A

A lipid attached to an oligosaccharide

32
Q

What forms the blood markers that determine one’s blood group?

A

Glycolipids

33
Q

What is a lipoprotein?

A

Lipid attached to a protein

34
Q

Where are soluble compounds that transport lipids usually formed?

A

Liver

35
Q

Put the following in order of size (largest first):

Chylomicron
HDL
LDL
VLDL
IDL
A 
Chylomicron
VLDL
IDL
LDL
HDL
36
Q

Put the following in order of density (most dense first):

Chylomicron
HDL
LDL
VLDL
IDL
A 
HDL
LDL
IDL
VLDL
Chylomicron
37
Q

Put the following in order of triglyceride content (highest TG content first):

Chylomicron
HDL
LDL
VLDL
IDL
A 
Chylomicron
VLDL
IDL
LDL
HDL
38
Q

Which lipoprotein carries “good cholesterol”, HDL or LDL?

A

HDL

39
Q

What are the are the 4 stages of thrombosis?

A
  1. Atheroma
  2. Cap/scar
  3. Stress
  4. Thrombosis
40
Q

What is the ideal amount of total cholesterol in your body?

A) >60 mg/dL
B) <100 mg/dL
C) <150 mg/dL
D) <200 mg/dL

A

D) <200mg/dL

41
Q

What is the ideal amount of triglycerides in your blood?

A) >60 mg/dL
B) <100 mg/dL
C) <150 mg/dL
D) <200 mg/dL

A

C) <150 mg/dL

42
Q

What is the ideal amount of HDL in your blood?

A) >60 mg/dL
B) <100 mg/dL
C) <150 mg/dL
D) <200 mg/dL

A

A) >60 mg/dL

43
Q

What is the ideal amount of LDL in your blood?

A) >60 mg/dL
B) <100 mg/dL
C) <150 mg/dL
D) <200 mg/dL

A

B) <100 mg/dL

44
Q

Where are triglycerides stored?

A

As droplets in the cytoplasm of adipose cells

45
Q

What is myelin?

A

Insulation around nerve fibres

46
Q

Where is myelin produced?

A

Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes

47
Q

At which three abdominal locations can you find adipose tissue?

A

Subcutaneous, visceral, retroperitoneal

48
Q

What is a panniculus?

A

Dense layer of fat that hangs down from the abdomen.

Biology (Semester 1) (10 decks)

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