L4 - Introduction to Communication Flashcards
What is communication?
- Give or exchange information
- Two-ways process
- Shared understanding of exchanged information
How to make sure what you said was understood?
Get feedback!
How to communicate?
- Narrative
- Description
- Exposition
- Argument
What are the two main interpersonal communication areas?
- Verbal
- Non-Verbal
What is the relative importance of verbal/non-verbal interpersonal communication?
- Words: 7%
- Tone of Voice: 38%
- Body Language: 55%
Non-Verbal = 4x impact
List the various types of non-verbal communications.
- Body language
- Facial expression
- Posture
- Eye contact
- Touch
- Clothes
- Gesture
What is active listening?
It is a structured form of listening and responding that focuses the attention on the speaker.
The listener consciously tries to understand, interpret, and evaluate what they hear.
List some active listening techniques.
- Focus on the speaker, what he’s saying
- Be interested in the speaker
- Ask the speaker questions
- Paraphrase the speaker’s meaning
- Echo the speaker’s words
- Express understanding of speaker’s feelings
- Use body language to show interest and respect
What different types of questions can you ask someone?
- Closed
- Leading
- Directive
- Open
- Open Directive
What is a closed question?
On that only allows a yes/no answer.
What is a leading question?
One that presupposes the answer.
What is a directive question?
One that focuses on a topic, but allows a small amount of expression.
What is an open question?
One that encourages the listener to talk freely, longer answer.
What is an open directive question?
One that focuses on a topic, allows listener to us his/her own words.
What are the advantages of asking open questions?
- Understand the listener’s position
- Richer and more satisfying conversation
- Identify critical issues and problems
- Lead towards solutions to problem
What is culture?
Culture is the acquired knowledge people use to interpret experience and generate behaviour.
List the various aspects of cultures.
- Power distance
- Individualism vs collectivism
- Masculinity vs feminity
- Uncertainty avoidance
- Time orientation
- Indulgence vs restraint
What is intercultural competence?
The ability to live and function in a culture other than your own.
- Make oneself understood
- Create fruitful collaboration
- Keep an open mind
- Act in a appropriate way
What are the interpretation constraints to consider when adressing a different culture?
- Cognitive (worldview, experience)
- Behavioral (what is appropriate)
- Emotional (displaying of)
List potentially problematic areas in intercultural communication.
- Opening/Closing conversations
- Taking turns to talk
- Interrupting
- Use of silence
- Use of humor
- Appropriate topics, small talk
- Knowing how much to say
How could you get better at intercultural communication?
- Know who you are: challenge own values, assumptions & prejudices, unlearn cultural habits
- Be curious about the “other”: engage with others, experience other cultures, accept more “right” ways, reserve judgement
- Improve communication skills: accept limitations of coding/decoding