**L4 - Evaluation of the Multi-Store Model of Memory Flashcards
what are the THREE TYPES OF EVALUATION EVIDENCE we look at for evaluating the MSM?
1) NEUROBIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
2) LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
3) GENERAL EVALUATION
+ SCOVILLE (evaluating MSM using NEUROBIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE)
+ SCOVILLE attempted to TREAT A PATIENT he referred to as “HM” who had EPILEPSY.
He removed SEVERAL BRAIN AREAS, including his HIPPOCAMPUS. This resulted in the patient being UNABLE TO CODE NEW LONG TERM MEMORIES. although his SHORT TERM MEMORY was UNAFFECTED.
This supports the idea of SEPARATE and DISTINCT STM and LTM
+ SHALLICE AND WARRINGTON (evaluating MSM using NEUROBIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE)
+ SHALLICE AND WARRINGTON reported the CASE STUDY OF “KF” who as the RESULT OF A MOTORBIKE ACCIDENT had REDUCED STM CAPACITY of only ONE OR TWO DIGITS, yet his LTM WAS NORMAL.
This supports the idea of a SEPARATE STM and LTM store.
- SHALLICE AND WARRINGTON (evaluating MSM using NEUROBIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE)
However, KF had POOR STM for VERBAL TASKS but NOT VISUAL TASKS and this suggests that there is MORE THAN ONE TYPE OF STM - which CONTRADICTS THE MSM.
Also according to the MSM, LTMs are RETRIEVED BY STM so if STM is damaged it should be DIFFICULT TO RETRIEVE LTMs. However, KF was able to access LTM without any difficulty
+ MURDOCK (evaluating MSM using LAB EXPERIMENTS) - PROCEDURE
+ MURDOCK presented pps with a LONG LIST OF WORDS to be RECALLED IN ANY ORDER, this was referred to as the FREE RECALL EXPERIMENT.
+ MURDOCK (evaluating MSM using LAB EXPERIMENTS) - RESULTS
+ Words at the BEGINNING and at the END OF THE LISTS WERE RECALLED BETTER than those IN THE MIDDLE.
+ MURDOCK (evaluating MSM using LAB EXPERIMENTS) - CONCLUSION
+ This is called the SERIAL POSITION EFFECT.
Words at the beginning of the list are RECALLED BETER because they have been CONSTANTLY REHEARSED and TRANSFERRED TO LTM (PRIMACY EFFECT), while words at the end of the list are RECALLED BETTER because they are STILL IN STM (RECENCY EFFECT).
This supports the idea of SEPARATE AND DISTINCT STM and LTM
- OVER SIMPLIFIED (evaluating MSM generally)
- the MSM is OVER SIMPLIFIED in ASSUMING that there is ONLY ONE TYPE OF STM and ONE TYPE OF LTM.
Research studies indicate that there are in fact SEVERAL TYPES OF STM, such as one for VERBAL INFORMATION (PHONOLOGICAL LOOP|) and another for NON-VERBAL INFORMATION (VISUO-SPATIAL SKETCHPAD).
Research also suggests that there are SEVERAL TYPES OF LTM, we have EPISODIC MEMORY for LIFE EVENTS, SEMANTIC MEMORY for KNOWLEDGE and FACTS and PROCEDURAL MEMORY for MOTOR SKILLS
- BADDELEY and HITCH (evaluating MSM generally)
- BADDELEY and HITCH claimed that the MSM COULD NOT EXPLAIN the ABILITY TO MULTI TASK, if there’s only ONE TYPE OF STM then MULTI TASKING WOULDN’T BE POSSIBLE.
However, PEOPLE MULTI-TASK ALL THE TIME, e.g listening to music while driving
