L.4

Question 1

Spina bifida, apa, sebabnya, letak, akinatbatnya?

Answer 1

Tidaak fusi neural tube saat gastrulasi minggu ketiga,
kekurangan asam folat,
Bisa di otak maupun di medulla spinalis
Gaada penulangan

Question 2

2 jenis spina bifida

Answer 2

Cystica, occulta

Question 3

occulta spina bifida

Answer 3

Ditutupi kulit, tidak keliatan ketidak sinambungan vertentanya, ditumbuhi rambut areanya

Question 4

Spina bifida cystica 2 jenis

Answer 4

Memingocele, myelomeningocele

Question 5

Meningocele, apa yng keluar

Answer 5

Protrusin meninges dan scf

Question 6

Myelomeningicele, apa tang keluar

Answer 6

Meninges, csf, medulla spinalis

Question 7

4 lengkung spinal

Answer 7

Cervical lordosis
Thoracic kifosis
Lumbal lordosis
Cervical kifosis

Question 8

Exaggerated lordosis, sebab, tampakan klinis

Answer 8

Lumbar lordosis berlebih, karena kelemahan otot abdominal, lower back pain predisposition

Question 9

Sway Back tampakan klinis, penyebab

Answer 9

Lengkung kifosis dan lordosis berlebih
Sering pada peragawat
Weak: lower abdominal lower thoraciv extensor, hip flexor
Tight:

Question 10

Flat back posture, tampakan, sebab

Answer 10

Lumbar lordosis decrease (20°)

Question 11

Back hump, dowagers hump

Answer 11

Karena osteoporosis
Penurunan tinggi badan
Tulang spongiosa - vertebral compression fractures
Spinal wedge fractures

Question 12

Kyphos/Gibbus disease, penyebab, tampakan klinis, akibat

Answer 12

Angulasi tajam di posterior
Kolaps/wedge 1 atau lebih segmen vertebra
Penyebab: TB spinal, congenital defect, fraktur
Dapat sebabin ankylosing spondylitis

Question 13

Ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 13

Chin to brow bertical angle 30°

Bisa disebabin TB extrapulmoner

Question 14

Spondylitis

Answer 14

Infelsi vertebre

Question 15

Spondylodiscitis

Answer 15

Infeksi vertebra + intervertebral disk

Question 16

Trigonum lumbal superius, herniasi

Answer 16

Grynfeltt lesshaft hernia

Question 17

Ingerior lumbar herniasi

Answer 17

Petit’s hernia

Question 18

Back pain, ada 5 penyebab

Answer 18

Back strain
Back sprain
Herniasi nukleus pulposus (hnp)
Spondylolysis
Spondylolisthesis

Question 19

Spondylosis

Answer 19

Fraktur UNIlateral di pars interarticularis
scottie dog pake kalung item
Fraktur karena hiperekstensi repetitif

Question 20

Spondylolysthesis

Answer 20

Fraktur pars interarticularis bilateral
Patahan geser ke depan
Scottie dog terpenggal jauh

Question 21

Hangman’s fracture

Answer 21

Traumatic hyperextension di C2

Ligamen yang patah: posterior longitudinal ligament?

Question 22

Bagian intervertebral disk

Answer 22

Anulus fibrosus

Nuclaus pulposus

Question 23

Hernia nucleus pulposus, tahapan

Answer 23

Disk degeneration
Protrusion
Extrusion
Squestration

Question 24

Intradiscal pressure, tinggis rendah

Answer 24

Tinggi: angkat bebean, berkurang kalo beban semakin deket ke tubuh, duduk condong ke depan
Rendah: tidur telentang, posisi supinasi