L.4

Question 1

motility of git

Answer 1

1. mastication “ chewing “
2. swallowing “deglutition “
3. gastric motility & vomiting
4. motility of small intestine
5. motility of the colon

Question 2

process of breakdown of large food into small pieces

Answer 2

mastication

Question 3

mastication occurs in mouth by combined action of

Answer 3

1. jaws
2. teeth
3. masticatory muscles
4. tongue & cheeks

Question 4

mastication start ——- but it maintained by —— created by the presence of food in the buccal cavity

Answer 4

1. voluntary
2. reflexes

Question 5

location of the mastication center is in

Answer 5

pons and medulla

Question 6

passage of food from the mouth to stomach

Answer 6

deglutition

Question 7

deglutition center present in

Answer 7

medulla

Question 8

phases of deglutition

Answer 8

1. oral phase
2. pharyngeal phase
3. esophageal phase

Question 9

name of voluntary phase of deglutition

Answer 9

oral phase

Question 10

Steps of oral phase

Answer 10

Tip of tongue is raised & base of tongue is depressed ➡️ backward to the pharynx

Question 11

Steps of oral phase

Answer 11

tongue is raised and the base of the tongue is depressed ➡️ backward to the pharynx

Question 12

Passage of food through the pharynx, name of this stage 

Answer 12

Pharyngeal stage and it’s involuntary

Question 13

Common pathway of both food and air passage

Answer 13

Pharynx

Question 14

Food is directed towards esophagus by two effects which is

Answer 14

1. Protective reflexes
2. Pharyngeal peristalsis

Question 15

Steps of the protective reflexes protection the airway

Answer 15

1. Elevation of soft palate
2. Contraction of myelohyoid muscles “ Keep the tongue near the hard palate”
3. Elevation of larynx against epiglottis
4. Approximation of the vocal chords
5. Reflex Inhibition of respiratory centre

Question 16

Name the stage that prevent regurgitation of food into posterior nasal cavity

Answer 16

Elevation of soft palate

Question 17

Name the stage that prevent regurgitation of food into the buccal cavity

Answer 17

Contraction of myelohyoid muscles

Question 18

Name the stages that prevent passage of food in trachea

Answer 18

• elivation of larynx against epiglottis 
• approximation of vocal cord
• Inhibition of respiration

Question 19

Approximation of vocal cord will close the 

Answer 19

Glottis “ opening between vocal folds “

Question 20

Steps of pharyngeal peristalsis

Answer 20

Contract of superior pharyngeal muscle ➡️ rapid peristalsis movement which passes downwards through pharynx ➡️
Pushing of bolus into relaxed esophagus

Question 21

Peristaltic movment of esophagus push food to ——- and —— accelerate the movement

Answer 21

1. Stomach
2. Gravity

Question 22

All the motility stages of git are involuntary except

Answer 22

Oral stage

Question 23

Lower esophageal sphincter tonically contracted to prevent

Answer 23

Reflux of gastric acid

Question 24

Lower esophageal sphincter relaxes during

Answer 24

Swallowing to allow passage of food

Question 25

Lower esophageal sphincter is a ———
Sphincter

Answer 25

Physiological

Question 26

Tone of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is under neural control:

Answer 26

1. Acetylcholine released from vagus —> Contraction of LES .
2. Nitric oxide ,vasoactive intestinal peptide —> Relaxation of LES.