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Anatomy Exam 4 > L38: Abdominal Cavity IV > Flashcards

L38: Abdominal Cavity IV Flashcards

1
Q

What embryologic germ layer gives rise to the kidney?

A
  • Mesoderm
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2
Q

Kidney function

A
  • Remove excess water, salts and wastes from protein metabolism – to urine
  • Return nutrients to blood
  • Regulate BP and production of RBCs
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3
Q

Describe blood supply to kidneys

A
  1. Renal artery
  2. Segmental arteries
  3. Interlobar arteries
  4. Arcuate arteries
  5. Renal vein
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4
Q

Innervation of kidney

A
  • SNS: T10-L1

- PSNS: vagus and S2-4

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5
Q

What is synthesized and secreted by the adrenal glands? By what portion of the adrenals?

A
  • Cortex: corticosteroids, androgens

- Medulla: NE and EPI (adrenalin)

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6
Q

What is the blood supply to the adrenal glands?

A
  • Superior (from inf phrenic), middle (from aorta) and inferior (from renal) suprarenal arteries
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7
Q

Innervation of adrenal medulla? Adrenal cortex?

A
  • Medulla: presynaptics penetrate directly to medulla and synapse on chromaffin cells
  • Cortex: ANS fibers associated blood vessels controlling vasodilation and constriction
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8
Q

Innervation and blood supply to diaphragm

A
  • Innervation: phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5) = motor/sensory and intercostal nerves = sensory to periphery
  • Blood supply: superior phrenic a (from thoracic aorta) and inferior phrenic a (from abdominal aorta)
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9
Q

4 muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A
  1. ) Psoas major
  2. ) Psoas minor
  3. ) Iliacus
  4. ) Quadratus lumborum
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10
Q

Psoas major. O/I/I/A

A
  • O: transvers processes of L-vertebrae, sides of vertebral bodies T12-S1
  • I: lesser trochanter of femur
  • I: lumbar plexus ant branches L2-4
  • A: flexes thigh, flexes vertebral column laterally to balance trunk, when sitting, acts inferiorly to flex trunk
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11
Q

Iliacus. O/I/I/A

A
  • O: superior two thirds of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum and anterior SI ligaments
  • I: lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior to it
  • I: femoral nerve L2-4
  • A: flexes thigh, stabilizes hip joint
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12
Q

Quadratus lumorum. O/I/I/A

A
  • O: medial half of inferior border of 12th rib, tips of lumbar transverse processes
  • I: iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest
  • I: anterior branches of T12, L1-4
  • A: extends and laterally flexes vertebral column, fixes 12th rib during inspiration
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13
Q

What does the subcostal nerve innervate?

A
  • T12

- Innervates: external oblique muscle, skin of anterolateral abdominal wall

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14
Q

What do the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves innervate?

A
  • L1

- Abdominal muscles and skin of the inguinal and pubic regions

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15
Q

What does the genitofemoral nerve innervate?

A
  • L1-L2, always comes out and runs over psoas major

- Divides into the genital and femoral branches and innervates the skin below the inguinal ligament

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16
Q

What does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve innervate?

A
  • L2-3

- Anterolateral skin of thigh

17
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A
  • L2-4

- Iliacus, hip flexors (RIP muscles), knee extensors (quads – vastus muscles and rectus femoris)

18
Q

What does the obturator nerve innervate?

A
  • L2-4

- Medial thigh and adductors

19
Q

What does the accessory obturator nerve innervate?

A
  • L3-4

- Pectineus, hip-joint

20
Q

What does the lumbosacral trunk innervate?

A
  • Nothing directly. It is L4-5 and joints sacral plexus to become sciatic nerve
21
Q

Draw the lumbar plexus

A

see picture

22
Q

At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta split?

A
  • L4

- Umbilicus is between L3-5

23
Q

What is the name of the artery that is unpaired and branches off the aorta as it bifurcates?

A
  • Median sacral artery. Goes to sacrum and coccyx
24
Q

Inferior branching of abdominal aorta

A
  • Right and left common iliac arteries

- Internal and external iliac arteries

25
Q

Pathway of gonadal veins

A
  • Left gonadal vein into left renal vein

- Right gonadal vein into IVC

26
Q

If there is a blockage to the IVC, describe venous collateral circulation that overcomes this issue

A
  • Usually: ascending lumbar and azygos veins connect SVC and IVC
  • If blockage in IVC, blood can bypass via sup and inferior epigastric veins, thoracoepigastric veins and epidural venous plexus
27
Q

Vertebral level of thoracic duct

A
  • Origin is anterior to L1&2 (bw right crus and aorta)

- Terminates at junction of left subclavian and internal jugular vein

28
Q

Vertebral level of kidneys

A
  • T12-L3 in paravertebral gutter
29
Q

Two types of fat surrounding kidney

A
  1. ) Pararenal fat: fat in front of kidney compartment in its own compartment
  2. ) Perirenal fat: fat in kidney compartment surrounding the kidney capsule including in the hilum
30
Q

Internal structure of kidney

A
  • Cortex
  • Medulla (pyramids with renal papilla=apex of pyramids)
  • Renal papilla empties into minor calyces
  • Minor calyces empty into major calyces
  • Major calyces converge onto renal pelvis
  • Urine enters from renal pelvis into ureters
31
Q

3 holes for diaphragm. What structures run through each?

A
  1. ) Caval opening: IVC
  2. ) Esophageal hiatus: esophagus, vagus nerve
  3. ) Aortic hiatus: aorta, thoracic duct
32
Q

What structure/feature are the crura of the diaphragm associated with?

A
  • Left and right crura are associated with the esophageal hiatus
33
Q

Ligaments of the diaphragm

A
  • Median arcuate ligament: connects right and left crura
  • Medial arcuate ligament: between psoas major and diaphragm
  • Lateral arcuate ligament: between quadratus lumborum and diaphragm
34
Q

Do abdominal cavity radiology

A

Do abdominal cavity radiology

Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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