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Anatomy Exam 4 > L36: Abdominal Cavity II > Flashcards

L36: Abdominal Cavity II Flashcards

1
Q

Components of small intestine. Relationship of parts to mesentery

A
  1. ) Duodenum: 1st and 5th parts are intraperitoneal, 2nd-4th parts are secondarily retroperitoneal
  2. ) Jejunum: intraperitoneal
  3. ) Ileum: intraperitoneal
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2
Q

What distinguishes small intestine from large intestine?

A
  • Taenia coli, haustra, epiploic appendages
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3
Q

Parts of large intestine. Relationship of parts to mesentery

A
  1. ) Cecum: intraperitoneal
  2. ) Ascending colon: secondarily retroperitoneal
  3. ) Transverse colon: intraperitoneal
  4. ) Descending colon: secondarily retroperitoneal
  5. ) Sigmoid colon: intraperitoneal
  6. ) Rectum: primarily retroperitoneal
  7. ) Anus: primarily retroperitoneal
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4
Q

Branches of celiac trunk

A

1.) Left gastric artery

  1. ) Splenic artery:
    a. ) pancreatic arteries
    b. ) short gastric arteries
    c. ) left gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery
  2. ) Common hepatic artery:
    a. ) gastroduodenal artery
    i. ) right gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery
    ii. ) superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
    iii. ) supraduodenal artery (sometimes absent)

b.) right gastric artery (sometimes branch of proper hepatic artery)

c. ) proper hepatic artery
i. ) right hepatic artery: cystic artery branches off here
ii. ) left hepatic artery

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5
Q

Branches of SMA

A
  1. ) inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  2. ) intestinal branches
  3. ) ileocolic artery
  4. ) right colic artery
  5. ) middle colic artery
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6
Q

What arteries form the marginal artery?

A
  • Marginal artery is an anastomotic artery formed by branches of ileocolic, right colic, middle colic and left colic. This artery gives rise to vasae rectae (straight vessels)
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7
Q

Branches of IMA

A
  1. ) left colic artery
  2. ) sigmoid artery
  3. ) superior rectal arteries
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8
Q

Blood supply to stomach

A
  1. ) left gastric artery: proximal portion of lesser curvature
  2. ) short gastric arteries: to stomach closest to spleen
  3. ) left gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery: left side of greater curvature
  4. ) right gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery: right side of greater curvature
  5. ) superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  6. ) right gastric artery: right lesser curvature
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9
Q

Blood supply to pancreas

A
  1. ) pancreatic arteries: neck, body and tail
  2. ) superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  3. ) inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery: head of pancreas
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10
Q

Blood supply to spleen

A

1.) splenic artery

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11
Q

Blood supply to duodenum

A
  1. ) superior pancreaticoduodenal artery: head of duodenum
  2. ) supraduodenal artery (sometimes absent): superior aspect
  3. ) inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
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12
Q

Blood supply to gallbladder

A

1.) Cystic artery

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13
Q

Blood supply to liver

A
  1. ) Right hepatic artery

2. ) Left hepatic artery

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14
Q

Blood supply to jejunum

A

1.) intestinal branches from SMA

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15
Q

Blood supply to ileum

A
  1. ) intestinal branches from SMA

2. ) ileocolic artery: distal ileum

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16
Q

Blood supply to cecum

A

1.) ileocolic artery

17
Q

Blood supply to ascending colon

A

1.) right colic artery

18
Q

Blood supply to transverse colon

A

1.) middle colic artery

19
Q

Blood supply to descending colon

A

1.) left colic artery

20
Q

Blood supply to sigmoid colon

A

1.) sigmoid artery

21
Q

Blood supply to proximal rectum

A

1.) superior rectal arteries

22
Q

If common hepatic artery is blocked, how will blood travel to liver?

A
  • Common hepatic artery has gastroduodenal, right gastric and proper hepatic arteries as branches
  • Right gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery off of gastroduodenal, anastomoses with left gastro-omental artery (off splenic, off celiac), therefore blood will travel via celiac, via splenic, via left gastro-omental into right-gastro-omental and back up into gastroduodenal into proper hepatic and into left hepatic artery
23
Q

Describe anastomoses within the gut

A
  1. ) R & L gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) arteries
  2. ) R & L gastric arteries
  3. ) Sup & Inf pancreticoduodenal arteries
  4. ) Inf pancreaticoduodenal and jejunal arteries
  5. ) Marginal artery
  6. ) Superior rectal arteries with middle and inferior rectal arteries
24
Q

Describe the structure of the hepatic portal system

A
  • Foregut drains via splenic vein, Midgut drains via SMV, Hindgut drains via IMV
  • IMV unites with splenic vein, which unites with SMV to form hepatic portal vein
25
Q

What is the definition of a portal system?

A
  • Circulatory system between two capillary beds. In case of hepatic portal system, capillary beds of guts and sinusoids of liver.
26
Q

Is the entire gut drained into the hepatic portal system?

A
  • No, lower esophagus to upper rectum.
27
Q

Suppositories are inserted into the rectum. They work by bypassing the hepatic portal system and conversion in the liver to an inert substance. How can this be?

A
  • Only the upper 1/3rd of the rectum is drained via the hepatic portal system. Remainder is drained by the internal iliac vein that goes directly into the IVC, thus bypassing the liver.
28
Q

Describe how liver issues such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, liver tumors etc. can cause issues in blood flow through the hepatic portal system given the portocaval anastomoses

A
  • Portal hypertension is increased pressure in the hepatic portal system as a result of decreased resistance to blood flow as the liver becomes diseased. Blood finds alternate routes via anastomoses: esophageal, rectal, umbilical and colonic. These individuals develop esophageal varices, hemorrhoids (external), caput medusa.
29
Q

Innervation of foregut

A
  1. ) SNS: T5-9 presynaptics through sympathetic chain, pass through greater splanchnic nerve, synapse in celiac ganglia, postsynaptics follow branches of celiac trunk
  2. ) PSNS: CN X (vagus) through celiac plexus without synapsing, synapse in ganglia in gut plexuses
30
Q

Innervation of midgut

A
  1. ) SNS: T10-12 presynaptics through sympathetic chain, pass through lesser or least splanchnic (T10-11 and T12 respectively) nerves, synapse in superior mesenteric ganglion, postsynaptics follow branches of SMA
  2. ) PSNS: CN X (vagus) through superior mesenteric plexus without synapsing, synapse in ganglia in gut plexuses
31
Q

Innervation of hindgut

A
  1. ) SNS: L1-L2 presynaptics through sympathetic chain, pass through lumbar splanchnic nerves, synapse in inferior mesenteric ganglion, postsynaptics follow branches of IMA
  2. ) PSNS: S2-S4 pass through sacral spinal nerves then through pelvic splanchnic nerves, branches to colon pass through hypogastric plexus and inferior mesenteric plexus, follow branches of IMA to target and synapse in ganglia in gut plexuses

Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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