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Anatomy Exam 4 > L33: Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

L33: Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Quadrants of abdominal wall – how are these divided, what are the quadrants

A
  • Vertical and horizontal lines through umbilicus

- RUQ, LUQ, RLQ and LLQ

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2
Q

Regions of abdominal wall – how are these divided, what are the regions

A
  • Two mid-clavicular sagittal lines and two horizontal lines, one at subcostal plane and one at iliac tubercles on iliac crest
  • R hypochondriac/lumbar/iliac
  • Epigastric/umbilical/hypogastric
  • L hypochondriac/lumbar/iliac
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3
Q

Study bony landmarks of pelvis

A

Study bony landmarks of pelvis

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4
Q

Bony landmarks that contain abdominal cavity

A
  • Costal arch (from ribs 6-10) and xiphoid process

- Iliac crest and inguinal ligament

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5
Q

Functions of abdominal wall

A
  1. ) protect and stabilize contents
  2. ) rotation and flexion for posture
  3. ) intra-abdominal pressure for defecation and parturition
  4. ) respiration
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6
Q

List the layers of the abdominal wall

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Camper’s fascia
  3. Scarpa’s fascia
  4. External oblique
  5. Internal oblique
  6. Transversus abdominis
  7. Rectus abdominis
  8. Transversalis fascia
  9. Parietal peritoneum
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7
Q

Which fascial layer of the abdominal wall contains variable amounts of fat depending on the habitus of the individual?

A
  • Camper’s fascia
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8
Q

Which fascial layer of the abdominal wall is more superficial?

A
  • Camper’s fascia is superficial to Scarpa’s fascia
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9
Q

What is Dartos’ and Colles’ fascia?

A
  • Scarpa’s fascia becomes:
  • Dartos’ fascia in the scrotum and
  • Colles’ fascia in perineum
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10
Q

Is there a potential space in the abdominal wall? Explain

A
  • Between Scarpa’s and aponeurosis of external oblique

- If urethral trauma in males, urine can extravasate into this space

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11
Q

Name the 4 muscles from superficial to deep of the abdominal wall

A
  1. ) External oblique
  2. ) Internal oblique
  3. ) Transversus abdominis
  4. ) Rectus abdominis
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12
Q

O/I/A/I of external oblique

A
  • O: external surfaces of ribs 5-12
  • I: linea alba, pubic tubercle and ant half of iliac crest
  • A: compress/support abdominal viscera, flex / rotate trunk
  • I: T7-11 thoracolumbar, subcostal nerves
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13
Q

O/I/A/I of internal oblique

A
  • O: thoracolumbar fascia, ant two thirds of iliac crest, lateral half of inguinal ligament
  • I: inf border of ribs 10-12, linea alba and pectin pubis via conjoint tendon
  • A: compression, support abdominal viscera, flex / rotate trunk
  • I: T7-11 thoracolumbar, first lumbar nerve L1
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14
Q

O/I/A/I of rectus abdominis

A
  • O: pubic symphysis, pubic crest
  • I: xiphoid process, costal cartilage of ribs 5-7
  • A: flexes trunk/vertebrae, compresses viscera, stabilizes / controls pelvic tilt
  • I: T7-11 thoracolumbar
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15
Q

O/I/A/I of transversus abdominis

A
  • O: internal surfaces of costal cartilage ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 1/3rd of inguinal ligament
  • I: linea alba, pubic crest, pectin pubis via conjoint tendon
  • A: compresses and supports abdominal viscera
  • I: T7-11 thoracolumbar, first lumbar nerve L1
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16
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A
  • Horizontal line that demarcates the lower limit of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath
  • Inferior epigastric arteries travels underneath this
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17
Q

Describe the embryological remnants in the abdominal cavity

A
  1. ) falciform ligament: remnant of ventral mesentery from liver to body wall
  2. ) round ligament (aka ligamentum teres): remnant of umbilical vein
  3. ) arcuate line
  4. ) umbilical folds: median, medial and lateral
18
Q

What vessels are associated with each of the umbilical folds?

A
  • Median: urachus (remnant of allantois), paraumbilical veins
  • Medial: umbilical arteries
  • Lateral: inferior epigastric arteries
19
Q

For the abdominal wall, what anastomosis with aorta?

A
  • Posterior intercostals, posterior subcostals and lumbar arteries
20
Q

For the abdominal wall, what anastomosis with internal thoracic artery?

A
  • superior epigastric, musculophrenic (anterior intercostals)
21
Q

For the abdominal wall, what anastomosis with external iliac arteries?

A
  • inferior epigastric, deep circumflex iliac
22
Q

For the abdominal wall, what anastomosis with femoral artery?

A
  • superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac
23
Q

Abdominal wall infections above the transumbilical plane (plane dividing abdomen using umbilicus) travel to what lymph nodes?

A
  • Axillary lymph nodes
24
Q

Abdominal wall infections below the transumbilical plane travel to what lymph nodes?

A
  • Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
25
Q

Types of surgical incisions to the abdomen and indications?

A
  1. ) subcostal: GB surgery
  2. ) median: SI, LI
  3. ) paramedian: SI
  4. ) gridiron: appendectomy
  5. ) transverse: ovarian surgery
  6. ) suprapubic: hysterectomy
26
Q

What vertebral level does the umbilicus correspond to?

A
  • L3-4
27
Q

From what vertebral level does the umbilicus receive innervation from?

A
  • T10
28
Q

What forms the inguinal ligament?

A
  • Aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
29
Q

What forms the conjoint tendon?

A
  • Aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle and aponeurosis of transversus abdominis
30
Q

What innervates the muscles and skin of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A
  • thoracolumbar T7-T11 nerves
31
Q

What innervates the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall and overlying skin superior to the iliac crest and inferior to the umibilicus?

A
  • subcostal nerve T12
32
Q

What innervates the skin overlying the iliac crest, upper inguinal and hypogastric regions, internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles?

A
  • iliohypogastric nerve L1
33
Q

What innervates the skin of the scrotum/labia majora and mons pubis, adjacent medial aspect of thigh, most inferior internal oblique and transversus abdominis?

A
  • ilioinguinal nerve L1
34
Q

What oxygenates the abdominal wall of hypochondria region, anterolateral and diaphragm?

A
  • Musculophrenic artery (from internal thoracic artery)
35
Q

What oxygenates the rectus abdominis and superior part of anterolateral abdominal wall?

A
  • superior epigastric artery (from internal thoracic artery)
36
Q

What oxygenates the lateral region of the abdominal wall?

A
  • posterior intercostal arteries (10th and 11th) from the aorta
  • subcostal arteries from the aorta
37
Q

What oxygenates the rectus abdominis and the medial part of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A
  • inferior epigastric artery (from external iliac artery)
38
Q

What oxygenates the iliacus muscle and inferior part of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A
  • deep circumflex iliac artery (from external iliac artery)
39
Q

What oxygenates the superficial abdominal wall of inguinal region and adjacent anterior thigh?

A
  • superficial circumflex iliac artery (from femoral artery)
40
Q

What oxygenates the subQ tissue and skin over the pubic and inf umbilical region?

A
  • superficial epigastric artery (from femoral artery)

Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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